www.Usenet.com
www.Usenet.com
| <-- __Chronological__ --> | <-- __Thread__ --> |
[EMAIL PROTECTED] (Guardiangel) wrote in message news:<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>...
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Thomas J Wheat) wrote in message news:<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>...
> > [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Guardiangel) wrote in message news:<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>...
> > > [Continued]
> > >
> > > ***************
> > >
> > > Historical Evidence To Support China's Sovereignty over Nansha Islands
> > >
> > > 2000/11/17
> > According to vietnam the french seized the islands in 1933 and that
> > now Vietnam has inherited the right from their former colonial masters
> > the same territory annexed by the French.
>
>
> Your own words totally means Nansha, at least originally, belongs to
> China! The French stole some of the islands and the stupid Vietnamese
> just wanna inherit the *stolen goods*. How childish and aggressive
> they are!
>
> Let me quote my previous post:
> _____
>
> 2. France
>
> a) Le Monde Colonial Illustre mentioned the Nansha Islands in its
> September 1933 issue. According to that issue, when a French gunboat
> named Malicieuse surveyed the Nanwei Island of the Nansha Islands in
> 1930, they saw three Chinese on the island and when France invaded
> nine of the Nansha Islands by force in April 1933, they found all the
> people on the islands were Chinese, with 7 Chinese on the Nanzi Reef,
> 5 on the Zhongye Island, 4 on the Nanwei Island, thatched houses,
> water wells and holy statues left by Chinese on the Nanyue Island and
> a signboard with Chinese characters marking a grain storage on the
> Taiping Island.
>
> b) Atlas International Larousse published in 1965 in France marks the
> Xisha, Nansha and Dongsha Islands by their Chinese names and gives
> clear indication of their ownership as China in brackets.
>
> [.....]
>
> 5. Viet Nam
>
> a) Vice Foreign Minister Dung Van Khiem of the Democratic Republic of
> Viet Nam received Mr. Li Zhimin, charge d'affaires ad interim of the
> Chinese Embassy in Viet Nam and told him that "according to Vietnamese
> data, the Xisha and Nansha Islands are historically part of Chinese
> territory." Mr. Le Doc, Acting Director of the Asian Department of the
> Vietnamese Foreign Ministry, who was present then, added that "judging
> from history, these islands were already part of China at the time of
> the Song Dynasty."
>
> b) Nhan Dan of Viet Nam reported in great detail on September 6, 1958
> the Chinese Government's Declaration of September 4, 1958 that the
> breadth of the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China
> should be 12 nautical miles and that this provision should apply to
> all territories of the People's Republic of China, including all
> islands on the South China Sea. On September 14 the same year, Premier
> Pham Van Dong of the Vietnamese Government solemnly stated in his note
> to Premier Zhou Enlai that Viet Nam "recognizes and supports the
> Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China on
> China's territorial sea."
>
> c) It is stated in the lesson The People's Republic of China of a
> standard Vietnamese school textbook on geography published in 1974
> that the islands from the Nansha and Xisha Islands to Hainan Island
> and Taiwan constitute a great wall for the defense of the mainland of
> China.
>
> __________
>
>
> [*] I wanna add that it is similar to the case for Tibet as British
> colonists stole a large part of Tibet, including Western Ngari,
> Chayul, Monyul, and Loyul. but now New Delhi is inheriting these
> "stolen goods" by occupying these regions currently.
>
>
> > The chinese communists make
> > the same argument about Taiwan since it was formerly part of the
> > territory china acquired during the qing dynasty.
>
> what has it got to do with TW island?
>
> > >
> > >
> > Also you didn't answer my first question why did china invade vietnam
> > in 1979. The reason for this invasion was China was angered that the
> > Vietnamese had invaded and overthrown the murderous regime of Pol
> > Pot's Khmer Rouge. China was allied with Pol Pot's regime.
> > Nevertheless the invasion did not succeed and the Vietnamese forced
> > the Chinese to flee Vietnam.
>
>
> I've answered in my previous msg. China miliatry operation was a
> rightful reaction to Vietnam aggression in the borderland as well as
> some South China Seas island. Secondly, it is a wellknown fact that it
> is China, instead of the U.S. [:->], who gained landslide victory over
> Vietnam. PLA withdrew from Vietnam immediately just because CCP didn't
> want to be accused of "stationing army in foreign territory" which
> violated Beijing's tradition diplomatic policies.
>
> Chinese called the warfare: "The War of Punishing Vietnam", what a
> proper name! :->
No that was not the reason they invaded. China invaded Vietnam because
Vietnam overthrew the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge were
allied with China.
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/war/prc-vietnam.htm
>
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > China was the first to discover, name, develop,conduct economic
> > > activities on and exercise jurisdiction of the Nansha Islands.
> > >
> > > A. China the First to Discover and Name the Nansha Islands
> > >
> > > The earliest discovery by the Chinese people of the Nansha Islands can
> > > be traced back to as early as the Han Dynasty. Yang Fu of the East Han
> > > Dynasty (23-220 A.D.) made reference to the Nansha Islands in his book
> > > entitled Yiwu Zhi (Records of Rarities) , which reads: "Zhanghai
> > > qitou, shui qian er duo cishi"("There are islets, sand cays, reefs and
> > > banks in the South China Sea, the water there is shallow and filled
> > > with magnetic rocks or stones"). Chinese people then called the South
> > > China Sea Zhanghai and all the islands, reefs, shoals and isles in the
> > > South China Sea, including the Nansha and Xisha Islands, Qitou.
> > >
> > > General Kang Tai, one of the famous ancient Chinese navigators of the
> > > East Wu State of the Three Kingdoms Period (220-280AD), also mentioned
> > > the Nansha Islands in his book entitled Funan Zhuan (or Journeys to
> > > and from Phnom) (the name of an ancient state in today's Cambodia). He
> > > used the following sentences in describing the islands: "In the South
> > > China Sea, there are coral islands and reefs; below these islands and
> > > reefs are rocks upon which the corals were formed."
> > >
> > > In numerous history and geography books published in the Tang and Song
> > > Dynasties, the Nansha and Xisha Islands were called Jiuruluo Islands,
> > > Shitang (literally meaning atolls surrounding a lagoon), Changsha
> > > (literally meaning long ranges of shoals), Qianli Shitang, Qianli
> > > Changsha, Wanli Shitang, and Wanli Changsha among others. Reference
> > > was made to the Nansha Islands in over one hundred categories of books
> > > published in the four dynasties of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing in the
> > > name of Shitang or Changsha.
> > >
> > > There were more detailed descriptions of the geographical locations
> > > and specific positions of the various islands of the Nansha Islands in
> > > the Yuan Dynasty. For instance, Wang Dayuan, a prominent Chinese
> > > navigator in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote about the Nansha Islands in his
> > > book entitled Abridged Records of Islands and Barbarians in these
> > > words: "The base of Wanli Shitang originates from Chaozhou. It is
> > > tortuous as a long snake lying in the sea. Its veins can all be
> > > traced. One such vein strentches to Java, one to Boni (or Burni, a
> > > kingdom which then existed in what is now Brunei in the vicinity of
> > > the Kalimantan) and Gulidimen (another kingdom on the Kalimantan), and
> > > one to the west side of the sea toward Kunlun (Con Son Islands,
> > > located outside the mouth of the mekong River some 200 nautical miles
> > > away from Saigon) in the distance?." Wanli Shitang here refers to all
> > > the islands in the South China Sea, including the Nansha Islands.
> > >
> > > In the Consolidated Map of Territories and Geography and Capitals of
> > > Past Dynasties published in the Ming Dynasty, we find the words
> > > "Shitang", "Changsha" and "Shitang." Judging from the geographical
> > > locations of these places as marked on the Map, the second Shitang
> > > denotes today's Nansha Islands.
> > >
> > > The Road Map of the Qing Dynasty marks the specific locations of all
> > > the islands, reefs, shoals and isles of the Nansha Islands where
> > > fishermen of China's Hainan Island used to frequent, including 73
> > > named places of the Nansha Islands.
> > >
> > > B. China the First to Develop the Nansha Islands
> > >
> > > Chinese people started to develop the Nansha Islands and engage in
> > > fishing on the islands as early as in the beginning of the Ming
> > > Dynasty. At that time, fishermen from Haikou Port, Puqian Port,
> > > Qinglan Port and Wenchang County went to the Nansha Islands to fish
> > > sea cucumber and other sea produce.
> > >
> > > The 1868 Guide to the South China Sea has accounts of the activities
> > > of the Chinese fishermen in the Nansha Islands. According to the
> > > Guide, "fishermen from Hainan Island went to Zhenhe Isles and Reefs
> > > and lived on sea cucumber and shells they got there. The footmarks of
> > > fishermen could be found in every isle of the Nansha Islands and some
> > > of the fishermen would even live there for a long period of time.
> > > Every year, there were small boats departing from Hainan Island for
> > > the Nansha Islands to exchange rice and other daily necessities for
> > > sea cucumber and shells from the fishermen there. The ships used to
> > > leave Hainan Island in December or January every year and return when
> > > the southwesterly monsoon started." Since the end of the Qing Dynasty,
> > > fishermen from Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula of China have kept
> > > going for fishing on the Nansha Islands. Most of the fishermen come
> > > from Wenchang County and Qionghai County. One or two dozens of fishing
> > > boats from these two counties would go to the Nansha Islands every
> > > year.
> > >
> > > The Road Map is another strong evidence to the development of the
> > > islands on the South China Sea by the Chinese people since the Ming
> > > and Qing Dynasties. The Road Map served as a navigational guide to the
> > > Chinese fishermen for their trips to the Xisha and Nansha Islands for
> > > productive activities there. It was a result of the collective work of
> > > many people on the basis of their navigational experience. The first
> > > Road Map was produced in the Ming Dynasty and it was constantly
> > > improved later on. It showed the navigational routes and courses from
> > > Qinglan, Wenchang County, Hainan Island or Tanmen Port of Qionghai
> > > County to the various isles of the Xisha and Nansha Islands.
> > >
> > > The development and productive activities of the Chinese fishermen on
> > > the Nansha Islands after the founding of the Republic of China in 1912
> > > have been recorded in both Chinese and foreign history books. Mr.
> > > Okura Unosuke of Japan wrote about his expedition trip to Beizi Island
> > > in 1918 in his book Stormy Islands, which reads: "he saw three people
> > > from Haikou of Wenchang County when the expedition team he organized
> > > arrived in Beizi Island." In 1933, Miyoshi and Matuo of Japan saw two
> > > Chinese people on the Beizi Island and three Chinese people on the
> > > Nanzi Island when they made an investigation trip to the Nansha
> > > Islands. It is also recorded in A Survey of the New South Islands
> > > published in Japan that "fishermen planted sweet potato on Zhongye
> > > Island and that fishermen from the Republic of China resided on the
> > > islands and grew coconuts, papaya, sweet potato and vegetables there."
> > >
> > > C. China the First to Exercise Jurisdiction over the Nansha Islands
> > >
> > > The Nansha Islands came under the jurisdiction of China from the Yuan
> > > Dynasty. Geography Book of the History of the Yuan Dynasty and Map of
> > > the Territory of the Yuan Dynasty with Illustration both includes the
> > > Nansha Islands within the domain of the Yuan Dynasty. The History of
> > > the Yuan Dynasty has accounts of the patrol and inspection activities
> > > by the navy on the Nansha Islands in the Yuan Dynasty.
> > >
> > > The inscription on the Memorial Tablet of the Tomb to General Qian
> > > Shicai of the Hainan Garrison Command of the Ming Dynasty reads:
> > > "Guangdong is adjacent to the grand South China Sea, and the
> > > territories beyond the Sea all internally belong to the Ming State."
> > > "General Qian led more than ten thousand soldiers and 50 huge ships to
> > > patrol tens of thousands of li on the South China Sea." All these
> > > descriptions clearly testify to the ownership by China of the Nansha
> > > Islands in the Ming Dynasty. The Hainan Garrison Command of the Ming
> > > Dynasty was responsible for inspecting and patrolling as well as
> > > exercising jurisdiction over the Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands.
> > >
> > > In the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese Government marked the Nansha Islands
> > > on the authoritative maps and exercised administrative jurisdiction
> > > over these islands. The Nansha Islands were marked as Chinese
> > > territory in many maps drawn in the Qing Dynasty such as A Map of
> > > Administrative Divisions of the Whole China of the 1724 Map of
> > > Provinces of the Qing Dynasty, A Map of Administrative Divisions of
> > > the Whole China of the 1755 Map of Provinces of the Imperial Qing
> > > Dynasty, the 1767 Map of Unified China of the Great Qing for Ten
> > > Thousand Years, the 1810 Topographical Map of Unified China of the
> > > Great Qing for Ten Thousand Years and the 1817 Map of Unified China of
> > > the Great Qing for Ten Thousand Years.
> > >
> > > Between 1932 and 1935, the Chinese Government set up a Committee for
> > > the Review of Maps of Lands and Waters of China, which was composed of
> > > officials from the Headquarters of the General Staff, the Ministry of
> > > Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Navy Command,
> > > the Ministry of Education and the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs
> > > Commission. This Committee examined and approved 132 names of the
> > > islands in the South China Sea, all of which belonged to the Xisha,
> > > Zhongsha and Nansha Islands.
> > >
> > > In 1933, France invaded and occupied 9 of the Nansha Islands,
> > > including Taiping and Zhongye Islands. The Chinese fishermen who lived
> > > and worked on the Nansha Islands immediately made a firm resistance
> > > against the invasion and the Chinese Government lodged a strong
> > > protest with the French Government.
> > >
> > > All the names of the islands, isles and reefs on the South China Sea
> > > including the Nansha Islands were unmistakably marked on the Map of
> > > the Islands in the South China Sea compiled and printed by the
> > > Committee for the Review of Maps of Lands and Waters of China in 1935.
> > >
> > > In 1939, Japan invaded and occupied the islands on the South China
> > > Sea. In line with the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation,
> > > the Ministry of Internal Affairs of China, in consultation with the
> > > Navy and the government of Guangdong Province, appointed Xiao Ciyi and
> > > Mai Yunyu Special Commissioner to the Xisha and Nansha Islands
> > > respectively in 1946 to take over the two archipelagoes and erect
> > > marks of sovereignty on the Islands.
> > >
> > > In 1947, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of China renamed 159
> > > islands, reefs, islets and shoals on the South China Sea, including
> > > the Nansha Islands. It subsequently publicized all the names for
> > > administrative purposes.
> > >
> > > In 1983, the Chinese Toponymy Committee was authorized to publicize
> > > the approved names of the islands, reefs, islets and shoals on the
> > > South China Sea.
> > >
> > > In short, a host of historical facts have proved that it was the
> > > Chinese people who were the first to discover and develop the Nansha
> > > Islands and it was the Chinese Government that has long exercised
> > > sovereignty and jurisdiction over these islands. The Nansha Islands
> > > have become an inalienable part of Chinese territory since ancient
> > > times.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > ***************
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > Jurisprudential Evidence To Support China's Sovereignty over the
> > > Nansha Islands
> > >
> > > 2000/11/17
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > China has indisputable sovereignty over the Nansha Islands and it has
> > > ample jurisprudential evidence to support this.
> > >
> > > A. Full and accurate historical data, both Chinese and foreign, has
> > > provided rich and substantial evidence to show that the Chinese people
> > > were the first to discover and name the Nansha Islands. As early as in
> > > the Han Dynasty that was more than two thousand years ago, the Chinese
> > > people discovered the Nansha Islands through their navigational
> > > experience and in the course of their productive activities over the
> > > years. All this was amply recorded in the books such as Records of
> > > Rarities by Yang Fu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Records of Rarities in
> > > Southern Boundary by Wan Zhen of the Three Kingdoms Period and A
> > > History of Phnom by General Kang Tai of the East Wu State. All these
> > > historical records represent the Chinese people's cognition and
> > > appreciation of the land on which they lived and worked. They are of
> > > great importance in the perspective of international law. In view of
> > > the development of international law, these records and accounts of
> > > the discovery by the ancient Chinese people of the islands on the
> > > South China Sea bear abundant evidence to China's indisputable
> > > territorial sovereignty over the Nansha Islands. Obviously, the Nansha
> > > Islands are not land without owners, but rather they are an
> > > inalienable part of Chinese territory. No country in the world has the
> > > right to change China's legal status as the owner of the Nansha
> > > Islands in any way.
> > >
> > > B. The fact that the Chinese people have developed the Nansha Islands
> > > and carried out productive activities there and that the Chinese
> > > Government has actually exercised jurisdiction over these islands has
> > > reinforced China's sovereignty over the Nansha Islands. After
> > > discovering the Nansha Islands, the Chinese people started to develop
> > > and engage in fishing, planting and other productive activities on the
> > > Nansha Islands and their adjacent waters from the Tang and Song
> > > Dynasties at the latest. Fei Yuan of the Jin Dynasty (265-420 A.D.)
> > > wrote about the fishing and collecting of coral samples by the
> > > fishermen of China on the South China Sea in his article Chronicles of
> > > Guangzhou. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, fishermen from Wenchang
> > > County and Qionghai County of Hainan Island used to sail southward
> > > with the northeasterly monsoon to the Nansha Islands and their
> > > adjacent waters for fishing every winter and come back to Hainan with
> > > the southwesterly monsoon before the typhoon season started. The
> > > Chinese people lived and engaged in fishing, planting and other
> > > productive activities on the Nansha Islands individually at first, but
> > > they were later on organized with the approval and support of the
> > > Chinese Government. Even when the conditions on the Nansha Islands
> > > were not suitable for people to live, some of the Chinese fishermen
> > > still lived on the islands for years. For ages, Chinese fishermen
> > > would come and go between Hainan Island and Guangdong Province on the
> > > one hand and the Nansha Islands on the other for productive activities
> > > and they never failed to pay their taxes and fees to the Chinese
> > > Government.
> > >
> > > C. The exercise of jurisdiction by the Chinese Government over the
> > > Nansha Islands is also manifested in a series of continued effective
> > > government behavior. After Emperor Zhenyuan of the Tang Dynasty
> > > (785-805AD) came to the throne, China included the Nansha Islands into
> > > its administrative map. It did so more conscientiously in the Ming and
> > > Qing Dynasties. A wealth of official documents of the Chinese
> > > Government, its local history books and official maps have recorded
> > > the exercise of jurisdiction by the successive governments of China
> > > over the Nansha Islands and recognized these islands as Chinese
> > > territory. Up till the beginning of this century, the Chinese
> > > Government had exercised peaceful jurisdiction over the Nansha Islands
> > > without any disputes.
> > >
> > > Since the beginning of this century, the Chinese Government has
> > > undauntedly maintained China's sovereignty over the Nansha Islands. In
> > > the 1930s, France once invaded and occupied nine of the Nansha
> > > Islands, over which the Chinese Government immediately made diplomatic
> > > representations with the French Government and against which Chinese
> > > fishermen staged an organized resistance. Between 1912 and 1949 when
> > > China was a republic, the then Chinese Government took a series of
> > > active measures to safeguard its sovereignty. For instance, it
> > > furnished the Chinese fishermen and fishing boats that engaged in the
> > > fishing on the Nansha Islands and their adjacent waters with China's
> > > national flags. It organized trips to the Nansha Islands for a survey
> > > of their history and geography. And it authorized a map-printing and
> > > toponymic agency to rename and approve the names of all the islands on
> > > the South China Sea including the Nansha Islands, individually and
> > > collectively.
> > >
> > > During World War II, Japan invaded and occupied China's Nansha
> > > Islands. China made unremitting efforts for the recovery of these
> > > islands from the Japanese occupation. In 1943, China, the United
> > > States and the United Kingdom announced in the Cairo Declaration that
> > > all the territories that Japan had stolen from China should be
> > > "restored to China," including "Manchuria, Taiwan and the Penghu
> > > Islands." At that time, Japan put the Nansha Islands under the
> > > jurisdiction of Taiwan. The territories to be restored to China as
> > > identified in the Cairo Declaration naturally included the Nansha
> > > Islands. The 1945 Potsdam Proclamationconfirmed once again that the
> > > stolen territories should be restored to China. According to the Cairo
> > > Declaration and Potsdam Proclamation, China recovered the Nansha
> > > Island in 1946. At the same time it went through a series of legal
> > > procedures and announced to the whole world that China had resumed the
> > > exercise of sovereignty over the Nansha Islands. Subsequently, the
> > > Chinese Government held a take-over ceremony and sent troops to the
> > > islands on garrison duty. An official map of the Nansha Islands was
> > > drawn and printed, the Nansha Islands were renamed, collectively and
> > > individually, and the earliest book of the physical geography of the
> > > Nansha Islands was also compiled and printed.
> > >
> > > After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Nansha
> > > Islands were incorporated into Guangdong Province and Hainan Province
> > > successively and the Chinese Gvoernment has all along maintained
> > > China's sovereignty over the Nansha Islands and taken effective
> > > actions for that.
> > >
> > > In view of all this, the Chinese Government has indisputable
> > > sovereignty over the Nansha Islands. Some countries have claimed
> > > sovereignty of these islands on the ground that these islands are
> > > within their continental shelves or exclusive economic zones.
> > > According to international law and the UN Convention on the Law of the
> > > Sea, maritime rights and interests should be based on territorial
> > > sovereignty for the former derives from the latter. No country should
> > > be allowed to extend its maritime jurisdiction to the territories of
> > > other countries, still less should it be allowed to invade and occupy
> > > other's territory on the ground of exclusive economic zones or the
> > > continental shelves. All in all, any action by any country with regard
> > > to the islets, islands or reefs of the Nansha Islands, military or
> > > otherwise, constitutes encroachment of China's territorial
> > > sovereignty. It is illegal and null and void according to
> > > international law. It can in no way serve as a basis for a country's
> > > territorial claim, nor can it change China's indisputable legal status
> > > as having sovereignty over the Nansha Islands.
> > >
> > >
> > > ***************
| <-- __Chronological__ --> | <-- __Thread__ --> |
