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On Sun, 23 Nov 2003 12:01:05 -0600, "Rich Wellner" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >On Sun, 23 Nov 2003 17:23:21 +0000, William Cook wrote: > >> Liberals are not open minded. Neither are your breed of conservatives. >> Both are about equally closed minded, and equally dishonest. > >Liberals are, by definition, open minded. > >>From the OED: > >4. a. Free from narrow prejudice; open-minded, candid. > >Just because Rush is illiterate and uses the wrong word when he means >leftist doesn't mean the rest of us must. > >rw2 ----------------------------------------------- A definition I once heard involved a tree with a rotten limb. The conservative wants to wait and see if the tree will heal itself. The liberal wants to saw off the limb. The radical wants to chop down the tree and plant a new one." And Im sure you are well aware that the OED definition is only applicable to Classical Liberalism..which by definition, far more closely matches todays Conservatism. Im sure you can use google for a definiton of Classical Liberalism. "MODERN LIBERALISM: A term used to describe a political philosophy with progressive cultural and political viewpoints. Modern liberals are not always hostile to the free market, but they do think that if left to itself the random nature of the market will produce poverty and inequality. They argue that state action is necessary in all areas where human welfare is at risk, including direct government assistance, pensions, unemployment insurance, and health care. Liberals actively lobby for social change through political and legislative means. Their motivation for proposing radical reforms usually stem from a perceived violation of justice, fairness, or a sense of social equality. Today's usage is often associated with such terms and concepts as legal activism, government regulation of the economy, and the redistribution of wealth. Key thinkers include John Kenneth Galbraith, Upton Sinclair*, John Rawls, Reinhold Niebuhr*, and Walter Rauschenbusch" Odd how this paralles the core belief in Marxism..From each according to his abilitites, to those according to their needs... But Leftist is only so so correct, when refering to Liberals. Modern American Liberals are actually Fascists for the most part. Shall we take a look?? http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Fascism/Philosophic_Roots_Ideology.html FASCISM p237 ... the liberal democratic tradition saw people existing as individuals prior to the establishment of political institutions. Further, they possessed certain rights-as individuals-granted to them by God or nature. Because of certain inconveniences of this presocial, prepolitical situation (recall the state of nature), individuals banded together and gave up certain of their natural rights to a collectivity so that they could, as individuals, live a more comfortable existence. State and society are thus established for specific purposes, have limited powers and functions, and may be abolished if they exceed their granted powers. The state and society are, in short, artificial creations of sovereign individuals. Democratic representative institutions (parliaments, congresses, and so forth) are generally designed to translate the desires of individuals in the society, normally on a majority rule basis, into public policy. Representative institutions are, by their very nature, intended to express the particular wills of individuals within the society. The preferences of a majority of individuals on any issue are simply that-a summation of individual preferences totaling more than 50 percent. Finally, liberal democratic thought is quite clear about the locus of sovereignty in the society: Ultimately it lies with each individual, and the actions of the state must be with the consent of those individuals. To the fascist this is all simply absurd. The mainstream liberal tradition defines freedom as an absence of restraint on individual action, yet it requires humans to give up some freedom (for example, relinquish natural rights) in order to attain freedom. How, fascism asks, does one become free by giving up freedom? Indeed, a fascist would argue, in talking about giving up natural rights so as to achieve a more convenient situation, the individualistic liberal exposed the fallacy of the entire enterprise. As fascists view it, liberal democrats are saying that freedom cannot exist without a stable body of laws and political institutions, and the only way true freedom can exist is through obedience to those laws It is law and a framework of order that ensures freedom. The myth of the isolated sovereign individual is thus destroyed and we come to understand that the individual can exist only in and through the state As Mussolini stated: Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the individual only insofar as his interests coincide with those of the State, which stands for the conscience and the universal will of man as a historic entity. It is opposed to classical liberalism which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical functions when the State became the expression of the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the name of the individual; Fascism reasserts the rights of the State as expressing the real essence of the Individual. And if Liberty is to be the attribute of living men and not of abstract dummies invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fascism stands for liberty, and for the only liberty worth having, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. Any rights that individuals may possess are granted and may be removed by the state; similarly, the private interests of individuals must be subordinated to the general interests of the collectivity. Insofar as representative institutions, political parties, and all of the other trappings of parliamentary democracy are designed to reflect the interests of individuals (particular wills), they must be discarded and replaced by institutions that will determine the general will of the nation. The properly constituted state thus becomes the articulator of the general will of the nation. One of the more commonly used modern attempts to describe the function of political institutions refers to them as authoritative allocators of value for the society as a whole, meaning that states can, within certain limits, control what is done by other institutions and individuals within the society. Fascist ideology takes this type of descriptive statement, expands it, and adds an ethical dimension. The nation is the source of ultimate values for all members of the community and the political arm of the nation-the state-gives articulation to those values. There is, simply, no higher ethical authority. If this is the case, individual human beings fulfill themselves by assuring that the goals of the collectivity are achieved. Indeed, the terms individual and state are incorrect abstractions insofar as they indicate separate entities-in fascism they are but two sides of the same coin. The nation is struggling to achieve actuality, to fulfill its potential; individuals are human when they contribute to that quest. Given this, it is obvious why fascism was opposed to liberal democratic thought: The latter's assumption is that the state is ultimately the creation of and subservient to the individual. Fascism contended that such thinking had led to conflict, disunity, even chaos in society and afforded no notion of national cohesiveness. Liberal democratic thought was in the end predicated upon assumptions of selfishness and conflict and as such prevented human beings from living in moral association with one another. As Mussolini declared in 1929, "When the conception of the State declines, and disunifying and centrifugal tendencies prevail, whether of individuals or particular groups, the nations where such phenomena appear are in their decline." "The British attitude is to treat society like a game preserve where a certain percentage of the 'antelope' are expected to be eaten by the "lions". Christopher Morton
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