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"Balance" may be best achieved by developing the ability to effortless maintain lower lumbar spine tension. Once you can do this, you don't need to worry about head position. Without a properly tensioned lower lumbar spine "raising your head even one inch will seriously affect your balance." With the proper lumbar spine tension, you can raise your head to your hearts content and stay easily and perfectly in balance. This is a particular advantage for a triathlete or other open water swimmer, as it allows you to practice swimming looking forward and elevating the head for frequent sighting over the waves. It is also an advantage for anyone who needs to swim with other people in the same lane. The last time we were discussing this issue was last August; at the time I received (and posted) the following two e-mails on the same day: August, 2003 e-mail #1: As a XX (redacted to protect confidentiality) year old runner trying to pick up freestyle swimming for the first time, I have been following your postings in Rec.Sport.Swimming for several months now. Please accept my apology for the e-mail intrusion, but I am not comfortable posting directly publicly. Many thanks for your valuable contributions in swimming and elsewhere. Your comments on shoulder impingement are especially important to me. My own observations as an adult near-novice with a typical male runner's body [dimensions redacted] are that (1) the TI drills are impossible to perform, and (2) consciously maintaining the lower lumbar arch gets me down the lane with far less expenditure of energy. Ironically, maybe because of lack of flexibility in my spine, the greatest sensation of speed and power in my non-breathing (left) stroke comes with my head and shoulders down (press the buoy?) through the leverage of a fully extended right arm together with good lower lumbar arch. [Larry's nb: precisely the position of Janet Evans and Grant Hackett at this point in the stroke cycle]. recent e-mail #2: Larry, [info on kick/swim times redacted] My background [redacted] yrs old, male, did 1st Masters competition last year. Swim free sprints and started because I wanted to keep in shape for surfing. [Height/weight given: tall and trim] As an aside, I have also done the exercises with the kickboard and the back muscles and found that it worked for me as you described. It also worked for me doing freestyle. My butt seems to stay at the surface the whole time. I also find it an easier method than press down on buoy because I can immediately tell if I am doing this or not. However, I don't believe that the low butt/leggs were a big problem for me before because of a relatively strong kick. I do find that because of my build or lack of it, I do not float as well as others and slow drills I tend to sink. I have always played sports that emphasize the lower body i.e. soccer and cycling and have a relatively weaker upper body. I learnt to swim when I was young and swam in a swim club for a few years. >>> I think what I've proposed is consistent with Yanai's research, consistent with observations from the world of elite swimming, consistent with self-experimentation, and is reproducible in the real world for anyone open-minded enough to give it a try. - Larry
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