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I'm not going to copy any of the previous suggestions, they're all good. The major point is, you cannot ignore the buildup of anerobic bacteria in the gravel. UGFs only serve to mask the problem. The UGF does allow aerobic bacteria to use the gravel to remove the nitrates, but there will still be pockets of anerobic bacteria that will only increase as they emit their noxious wastes into the gravel. The crud that builds up under the UGF's will slowly clog any filtering you had when it was new, and you will eventually find that your nitrate levels will creep up until you will find your fish having problems that will continue to increase. Bob
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