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Archive-name: hp/hpux-faq
Comp-sys-hpux-archive-name: hp/hpux-faq
Version: 11.23.0309.00
Last-modified: 2003/09/12
Maintainer: Ian P. Springer <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
URL: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/faqs/hp/hpux-faq
Revision-Frequency: monthly
Posting-Frequency: every 10 days
Disclaimer: Approval for *.answers is based on form, not content.
Copyright: (c)2001-2003 Ian P. Springer
comp.sys.hp.hpux FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
[HTML version of this FAQ also available - please see section 4.1.1]
Subject: 1. INTRODUCTION
Overview
========
This article contains the answers to Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) seen
in the Usenet newsgroup comp.sys.hp.hpux. Issues may also be discussed in
comp.sys.hp.apps, comp.sys.hp.misc, and comp.sys.hp.hardware. Discussion
in this document centers around Hewlett-Packard computer systems running
the HP-UX[R] operating system; the focus is on HP-UX 10.20, and later,
running on HP9000 Series 700 workstations and HP9000 Series 800 servers,
though some of the information presented may also apply to earlier
versions of HP-UX, including HP-UX for Series 300, 400, 500, and 600
HP9000 machines. Previous versions of this FAQ contained some information
specific to HP-UX 9.x and earlier; such information has been removed, as
of version 11.11.0105 of the FAQ. This decision was made because HP-UX
versions 10.00 and earlier have been officially classified as obsolete by
HP, as well as to permit greater focus on the more current versions of
HP-UX. The FAQ will be updated every other month or as the maintainer
sees fit, and it will be posted on Usenet once a month.
Copyright Notice
================
This FAQ is Copyright (c) 2001-2003, Ian P. Springer, all rights reserved.
It may be freely redistributed in its entirety, provided that this
copyright notice is not removed. It may not be sold for profit or
incorporated in commercial documents without the written permission of the
copyright holder. Permission is expressly granted for this document to be
made available for file transfer from installations offering unrestricted
anonymous file transfer on the Internet. This article is provided as is,
without any express or implied warranty. While every effort has been
made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this FAQ, the
maintainer and contributors assume no responsibility for errors or
omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information
contained herein. The content of this FAQ does not necessarily represent
the opinions of the maintainer's employer, contributors' employers, or
the Hewlett-Packard Company.
Distribution
============
Refer to section 4.1.1 for details on where to obtain this FAQ.
Format
======
This FAQ is written in "minimal digest format" as described at
<http://www.faqs.org/faqs/faqs/minimal-digest-format/>. You can skip from
one section to the next by pressing ^G in many newsreaders, such as rn,
trn, and strn (but not nn or tin).
What's New?
===========
In the table of contents below, questions marked with a "+" were
recently added, and questions marked with a "!" were recently updated.
Unanswered Questions
====================
For other questions and answers not included in this FAQ, please search
for the answer in the newsgroup archives at <http://groups.google.com/>
(formerly DejaNews). Many times, what you want to know has been asked and
answered many times before, and you will get your answer quicker searching
through <http://groups.google.com/>. When searching, include the
expression "group:comp.sys.hp.hpux" along with your keywords to narrow
the search to only comp.sys.hp.hpux.
If you are unable to find the answer to your question in the newsgroup
archives, then go ahead and post your question to comp.sys.hp.hpux.
Submitting Feedback
===================
All feedback is appreciated. Submissions, corrections, comments, and
complaints should be directed to Ian P. Springer <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>.
------------------------------
Subject: 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
3. GENERAL INFORMATION
3.1 What does HP-UX stand for?
3.2 Where can I find a good overview of HP-UX?
! 3.3 What is the release history of HP-UX?
3.4 Where can I find definitions of various HP-UX terms?
3.5 What is HP's address and phone number?
3.6 How does HP-UX rank among other enterprise Unixes?
+ 3.7 How does the Compaq merger affect the HP-UX roadmap?
4. RESOURCES
4.1 FAQs
4.1.1 Where can I get a copy of this FAQ file?
! 4.1.2 What other HP-UX-related FAQs exist?
4.2 Web Sites
4.2.1 HP Sites
4.2.1.1 What is the URL of HP's main web site?
4.2.1.2 Where can I browse HP documentation on the Web?
4.2.1.3 Where can I get support from HP on the Web?
4.2.1.4 Other HP Sites
4.2.2 Non-HP Sites
+ 4.2.2.1 EnterpriseUnix.org
4.2.2.2 EPFL Support HP / HPLine
4.3 Newsgroups
4.3.1 List of Usenet newsgroups
4.3.2 HP's newsgroup policy
4.3.3 The ITRC HP-UX Forum
4.4 Mailing Lists
4.4.1 HPUX-Admin Mailing List
4.4.2 HP 9000 series 500 Mailing List
4.4.3 HPMINI-L Mailing List
4.5 Periodicals
4.5.1 hp-ux/usr
4.5.2 The HP Chronicle
4.6 Books
4.6.1 HP-UX 11.x Books
4.6.2 HP-UX 10.x Books
4.6.3 HP-UX 10.x/11.x Books
4.6.4 CDE Books
4.6.5 Books from HP
4.6.6 HP Product Manuals
4.7 Local Files
4.7.1 The HP-UX Reference Manual
4.7.2 /usr/share/doc
4.8 Conferences and Workshops
4.8.1 HP World Conference & Expo
4.8.2 InterWorks Conference
4.8.3 HP/Works Technical Workshops
4.9 Courses and Certifications
4.9.1 Courses offered by HP
4.10 Organizations
4.10.1 Organizations within the U.S.
4.10.1.1 Interex, The International Association of
Hewlett-Packard Computing Professionals
4.10.1.2 InterWorks
4.10.2 Organizations outside the U.S.
4.10.2.1 Interex Netherlands HP User Group (AKA DutchWorks)
4.10.2.2 HP/Works
4.10.2.3 Japanese HP Computer Users Association
4.11 Third-Party Vendors
4.11.1 Hewlett-Packard Vendor Listing
5. SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION
5.1 Auditing and Security
5.1.1 How do group privileges work?
5.1.2 Why are mail files in /var/mail owned by 'daemon' instead
of the recipient?
5.1.3 How can I restrict regular users from logging in at the
console?
5.1.4 How can I disable non-root logins?
5.1.5 Where can I find a list of all patches corresponding to
security advisories?
5.1.6 How can I protect my systems against SATAN?
5.1.7 What are the major differences between trusted and
non-trusted systems?
5.1.8 How can I configure things like minimum password length,
password history, and maximum simultaneous logins?
5.1.9 What is the sticky bit's purpose?
5.1.10 Does HP-UX have a /dev/random, /dev/urandom, or similar device?
5.1.11 How can I protect my system from viruses?
5.1.12 What information is available on configuring HP-UX for maximum
security?
+ 5.1.13 Does HP-UX support /etc/shadow like Solaris and Linux?
5.2 Backup and Recovery
5.2.1 Can I put more than one backup on DDS with fbackup?
5.2.2 How can I use dump with a DDS tape?
5.2.3 Why do cpio/tar/dump/pax all backup to tape painfully slowly?
5.2.4 What CD burning software is available?
5.3 Disks and File Systems
5.3.1 How can I enable long file names?
5.3.2 Is it possible to create a RAM disk?
5.3.3 What happened to DUX and context dependent files (CDFs)?
5.3.4 Why can't I use all of my swap space?
5.3.5 How can I determine which disk is the boot disk?
5.3.6 Why does pfs_mount fail with the message 'Not Owner' when I
try to use it?
5.3.7 What's new with remote mounts and the automounter?
! 5.3.8 Why are CDROM filenames all UPPERCASE with ;1 attached?
5.3.9 How can I start the PFS daemons automatically at system
startup?
5.3.10 Where can I get updated disktab entries for third-party
disks?
5.3.11 How can I determine whether a disk is bootable?
5.3.12 How do I defragment my filesystems?
5.4 Display
5.4.1 How do I define a new terminal type?
5.4.2 How can I change the video mode on my workstation?
5.5 Kernel Configuration
5.5.1 How can I tell if I have a 32-bit or 64-bit kernel?
5.5.2 How do I determine if a system supports a 32 and/or 64-bit
kernel?
+ 5.5.3 Where can I find detailed documentation of the various kernel
parameters?
5.6 Monitors, Diagnostics, and Performance
5.6.1 How can I look at what my system is doing?
5.6.2 What happened to the sysdiag command?
5.6.3 How can I improve overall system performance?
5.7 Networking and Communications
5.7.1 How can I change the order of hostname resolution?
5.7.2 How can I track network packets?
5.7.3 How to get the MAC address for a particular network interface?
5.7.4 Is there a Transport Level Interface (TLI) interface to
TCP on HP-UX?
5.7.5 How do I disable IP Forwarding?
5.7.6 Why is ifconfig giving me errors when I try to configure
my LAN?
5.7.7 How do I change the hostname, IP address, DNS Server, etc?
5.7.8 How do I determine the speed and duplexity of my network
interface?
5.7.9 How do I display all active Internet (TCP and UDP)
connections?
5.7.10 Can multiple IP addresses be configured on one interface?
5.7.11 How can I enable the LAN interface on a 700?
5.7.12 Where can I get STREAMS for HP-UX?
! 5.7.13 What version of BIND (named) comes with HP-UX?
! 5.7.14 What version of sendmail comes with HP-UX?
! 5.7.15 What version of NFS comes with HPUX?
5.7.16 What is the difference between automount and AutoFS?
5.7.17 Can I configure multiple network interfaces on the same subnet?
5.7.18 Does HP-UX come with a DHCP server?
! 5.7.19 Is there a port management tool / firewall for HP-UX?
5.8 Peripheral Devices
5.8.1 How do I use the floppy drive on my HP-UX workstation?
5.8.2 How can I format a floppy under HP-UX?
5.8.3 How can I get an Exabyte to work on an HP?
5.8.4 How can I get a stuck DDS tape out of the drive?
5.8.5 Do I need to terminate the internal SCSI on a 700?
5.8.6 How can I play audio CDs on an HP workstation's CD-ROM drive?
5.8.7 How can I set up /dev/audio to point to the external jack on a
700?
5.8.8 How can I configure the parallel port handshake on a 700?
5.8.9 What are the specs of the audio hardware on the 700 series?
5.8.10 Is there a trackball for the 700?
5.8.11 What keyboards and mice are compatible with HP9000
workstations?
5.8.12 How do I change the keyboard type (e.g. from UK to German or
vice versa) after HP-UX is already installed?
5.8.13 How do I ascertain which device file corresponds to my CD-ROM
or DVD-ROM drive?
5.9 Printers and Plotters
5.9.1 What happened to lpr?
5.9.2 Why does lpstat report the printer down, even though it's not?
5.9.3 How can I turn off the LP banner page?
5.9.4 How can I print man pages without losing the formatting?
5.9.5 How can I view and print Postscript (.ps) files?
5.10 Process Management
5.10.1 How much memory can a process use?
5.10.2 Why do my processes keep dying at 64 MB memory usage?
5.10.3 How do I set per-process limits?
5.10.4 How can I tell what files, ports, etc.. a process has open?
+ 5.10.5 How can I get the ps command to display more than 64
characters of process command lines?
5.11 Routine Tasks
5.11.1 How can I track log files and core files?
5.11.2 What's a good strategy for clearing /tmp and /var/tmp?
5.12 Software Management
5.12.1 General Software Management
5.12.1.1 Where can I find out more about Software Distributor
(SD-UX)?
5.12.1.2 How can I tell what products have been loaded on my
system?
5.12.1.3 How do I safely remove software from my system?
5.12.1.4 How is the unique node ID used for licensing determined?
5.12.1.5 What is Ignite-UX?
5.12.2 Patch Management
5.12.2.1 Where do I get HP-UX patches?
5.12.2.2 How can I list all installed patches?
5.12.2.3 How can I tell what patches are in the kernel?
5.12.2.4 How do I get rid of these old 10.x patches since I
upgraded to 11.x?
5.12.2.5 How can I install multiple patches, without having to
reboot more than once?
5.12.2.6 How do I configure swlist to not display superseded
patches?
5.12.2.7 What is the naming convention used for HP-UX patch
names?
5.12.2.8 Where can I get OpenView patches?
5.13 Time
5.13.1 How can I change the timezone?
5.13.2 How can I print yesterday's or tomorrow's date?
5.13.3 How can I convert a timestamp (seconds since the Epoch) to a
date/time string?
5.13.4 What is the purpose of the 'timezone' and 'dst' kernel
parameters?
5.14 Users and Groups
5.14.1 How can I tell if I need more than a 2-user license?
5.14.2 How can I set up group-based FTP access?
5.14.3 Has /etc/logingroup functionality changed in 11.x?
5.15 X-Windows and CDE
5.15.1 X Window System (X11)
5.15.1.1 Where can I get X11R6?
5.15.1.2 Where can I get the missing X11 header files?
5.15.1.3 How can I set up an HP-UX workstation as an X terminal?
5.15.1.4 How do I get a scroll bar on hpterms?
5.15.1.5 How can I change the title in my hpterm titlebar?
5.15.1.6 Why do my terminal windows keep going away by
themselves?
5.15.1.7 How can I get console messages to go to an hpterm?
5.15.1.8 What's a good termcap entry for hpterm?
5.15.1.9 My screen is wedged. What should I do?
5.15.1.10 How can I get an X app to come up in an alternate
workspace?
5.15.2 Common Desktop Environment (CDE)
5.15.2.1 What happened to VUE?
5.15.2.2 How do I start/stop/reset CDE (dtlogin)?
5.15.2.3 How can I enable/disable CDE (dtlogin)?
5.15.2.4 Why does id/groups not show secondary groups in
dtterm/CDE?
5.15.2.5 How can I improve CDE's performance?
5.15.2.6 Is there a CDE FAQ?
5.15.2.7 When I log on to CDE, I want certain applications to
automatically start. How can this be done ?
5.15.2.8 How do I get cut-n-paste to work correctly with CDE?
5.15.2.9 Why do NCD X-terminals hang when trying to connect via
XDMCP to an HP-UX 10.20 host running CDE?
6. DEVELOPMENT
6.1 General
6.1.1 What threads support is provided?
6.1.2 What's the deal with _INCLUDE_xxxx_SOURCE?
6.1.3 Where can I find a list of all available system calls?
6.1.4 How can I tell if something was built debuggable?
6.1.5 Why is syslog() call not doing what i want it to?
6.1.6 How can I get C programs to automatically generate stack
dumps?
6.1.7 HP C++ email discussion lists
6.1.8 HP-UX development email discussion lists
6.2 Compiling and Linking
6.2.1 Why is the default C compiler brain-dead?
6.2.2 How do I make Perl on HP-UX?
6.2.3 How do I deal with "too many defines"?
6.2.4 Why do I get "_builtin_va_start" undefined when I build with
gcc?
6.2.5 Is there some kind of problem with using FLT_MIN in ANSI mode?
6.2.6 Why do I get the error "*Initialization*:1: missing
token-sequence in `#assert'" when I compile with gcc?
6.2.7 How can I detect the HP-UX version at compile time?
6.3 Porting
! 6.3.1 Porting from an Earlier Release of HP-UX
6.3.2 Porting from Other Platforms (Solaris, AIX, etc..)
6.3.3 How do I know if binaries built on a one release of HP-UX are
compatible with a different release of HP-UX?
6.4 Tools
6.4.1 Where can I get Interviews for HP-UX?
6.4.2 Is there a disassembler included with HP-UX?
7. APPS AND UTILS
7.1 Freeware
7.1.1 HP Freeware
7.1.1.1 Patches
7.1.1.2 Drivers
7.1.1.3 I heard there is a new ftpd available. Where do I get
it?
7.1.1.4 HPRC FTP Site
7.1.2 Non-HP Freeware
! 7.1.2.1 The Software Porting And Archive Centre for HP-UX
7.1.2.2 InterWorks FTP site
7.1.2.3 Netperf
7.1.2.4 SLIP and CSLIP
7.1.2.5 PPP
7.1.2.6 SMTP
7.1.2.7 POP and IMAP
7.1.2.8 Sudo
7.1.2.9 Ntalk
7.1.2.10 TTCP
7.1.2.11 Free SCSI utilities for HP-UX workstations
7.1.2.12 PSCREEN/uX
7.1.2.13 GNU software
! 7.1.2.14 Web browsers
7.1.2.15 Miscellaneous freeware
7.1.2.16 RealAudio Player
7.1.2.17 CD Burning Software
7.2 Shareware
7.3 Commercial Software
7.3.1 HP Commercial Software
7.3.1.1 Where can I find release histories for various HP
software products?
+ 7.3.1.2 Where can I find a list of all applications that are
available for HP-UX?
7.3.2 Non-HP Commercial Software
7.3.2.1 Interex FastStart Toolbox
7.3.2.2 Is there anything remotely like the Apollo DM editor
available?
8. MISCELLANEOUS
8.1 How can I find the HP-UX equivalent for a given
Solaris/AIX/etc.. command?
8.2 What do I need to do to make my HP-UX system Year 2000
compliant?
8.3 How do I boot into single user mode?
8.4 How can I send mail to an MPE/iX HPDESK address?
8.5 How can I limit core files?
8.6 How do I disable the Caps Lock key?
8.7 Why does my Korn shell login hang?
8.8 How can I avoid those annoying copyright notices on login?
8.9 How can I turn off quota checking?
8.10 Why can't I start Aserver?
8.11 How can I get a daemon to successfully start from an rc script?
8.12 How do I convert the uname string to a model string?
8.13 Is Perl included with HP-UX?
8.14 Why can't I type an '@' character?
8.15 Why can't I get my machine into boot admin mode?
8.16 What happened to "less"?
8.17 What should go in my PATH and MANPATH environment variables?
8.18 Why does the 10.x/11.x cksum command produce a different
checksum than the 9.x cksum command?
8.19 Can I run Linux on an HP9000 system?
8.20 Can I run *BSD on an HP9000 system?
8.21 What happened to /usr/local? What are these /usr/contrib
and /opt directories?
8.22 Is it OK to change root's shell?
8.23 Why does HP-UX 10 generate copious "Sti_save" syslog messages?
8.24 How can I tell which kernel was booted?
8.25 What is the equivalent of ldd under HP-UX?
8.26 How do I configure a program to automatically start up or
shutdown when the system starts up or shuts down?
8.27 How can I do regular expression matching?
8.28 How can I play MP3s?
8.29 How can I use audio on HP-UX 10.x/11.x without a network?
8.30 Is there a tool to trace system calls?
! 8.31 What OS capacity limits exist?
8.32 How can I determine how much RAM my system has?
8.33 What are the various revisions of PA-RISC?
8.34 How do I find the clock speed of my system's CPU(s)?
8.35 How can I view/print PDF files?
8.36 How do I read an SGI-written tar format DDS tape?
8.37 Is the Euro supported?
8.38 How can I view various Windows-format files (Word docs,
Excel spreadsheets, etc..) on an HP-UX system?
8.39 How is the system load average, as reported by the uptime
and top commands, calculated?
8.40 Where can I get HP9000 firmware updates?
8.41 Where can I look up HP part numbers?
8.42 How can I create a /dev/zero special file?
8.43 Why is tail's output truncated for large amounts of input?
! 8.44 What commands or scripts exist for gathering and summarizing
system information?
8.45 How can I convert numbers from one base to another?
8.46 What are the machine ID and serial number used for?
8.47 How can I tell what commands SAM is executing under the hood?
8.48 How can I view a file in octal or hexadecimal?
+ 8.49 How do I configure the kernel to write corefiles as core.<pid>?
+ 8.50 How do I analyze a system crash dump?
! 8.51 Is HP-UX free for non-profit users (students, hobbyists, etc..)?
+ 8.52 Where can I obtain a free HP-UX shell account?
! 8.53 How do I grep for an exact word as with "grep -w" in Linux?
9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9.1 Contributors
9.2 Trademarks
------------------------------
Subject: 3. GENERAL INFORMATION
------------------------------
Subject: 3.1 What does HP-UX stand for?
Added: 04/16/01
HP-UX is short for Hewlett-Packard UNIX[R].
------------------------------
Subject: 3.2 Where can I find a good overview of HP-UX?
Updated: 08/23/01
For starters, there is the HP-UX homepage:
o <http://unix.hp.com/>
Also, check out the HP-UX page at OSdata.com:
o <http://osdata.com/oses/hpux.htm>
If you have an HP-UX 11.x system, read the introduction(9) manpage. It
contains a lot of good background information.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.3 What is the release history of HP-UX?
Updated: 06/27/03
Rel Date Major Features Introduced
==========================================================================
1.0 '83?
1.1 '83?
1.2 '83?
2.0 '83?
2.1 '84?
2.2 '84?
3.0 '84?
3.1 '85?
3.2 '85?
4.0 '85?
5.0 2H/85
5.05 '86?
5.1 '88
5.2 '89?
5.21 '89?
5.3 04/89
6.0 '89
6.0.1 '89
6.0.2 '89
6.1 '89
6.2 '89
6.3 '89
6.5 02/89
7.00 mid '90 Motif[R]
7.01 '89
7.02 '90
7.03 <08/89
7.04 '90
7.05 '90
7.06 '90
7.07 '90
7.08 '90
7.09 '90
8.00 01/91
8.01 '91
8.02 04/92
8.03 '91
8.04 '91
8.05 07/91
8.06 '92
8.07 '92
9.00 07/92 PA7100 support, POSIX[TM] shell, VUE 3.0, fastlinks,
ioscan(1M), model(1)
9.01 '93 added hardware support
9.02 '93 added hardware support
9.03 '93 added hardware support, including support for floppy disks
9.04 11/93 added hardware support
9.05 11/93 added hardware support
9.06 '94
9.07 '94 Multi-Buffered-X, Single-Logical-Screen
9.08 '94
9.09 '94
9.10 03/95 10.x compatibility
10.00 03/95 SVR4 filesys layout, NFS, SD-UX, XNTP, traceroute(1M)
10.01 07/95 JFS(v2)
10.10 02/96 large filesys/physmem/dsize, NLS, SLVM, UNIX95, CDE(1.0),
DHCP, perl(4)
10.20 08/96 JFSv3, large files/uids, MPC, RARP
10.30 08/97 kernel (POSIX) threads, NFS PV3, streams TCP/IP, ASE, PPP,
Y2K compliance
11.00 11/97 64-bit OS, DLKM, iCOD, CDE 2.1
11.10 03/00 SCA, JFS 3.3, 128-CPU, AutoFS, new ftpd
11.11 11/00 OEs, SuperDome, IO board OLAR, dynamic tunables, TCP NFS,
Linux APIs & ABIs, perl5, JRE(1.2.2.04), X11R6.2
11.20 06/01 IPF, BTL DLKM, kernel logging, VxVM
11.22 06/02 Itanium 2, MxN threads, 64-CPU, kernel config GUI, system
inventory manager, IPv6, IPSec, CPU/RAM board OLAR (*)
11.23 '03? PA & IPF, select Tru64 components, 128-CPU (@), limited
self-healing & self-tuning (@)
11.24? '04? TruCluster (@)
11.30 '05? complete self-healing & self-tuning (@)
* Source: <http://www.interex.org/advocacy/survey/99uxsib.html>
@ Source: <http://www.interex.org/hpworldnews/hpw207/news1.jsp>
Hardware Processor HP-UX
Platform Architecture Releases
==========================================================================
Series 100 Motorola 680x0? n/a
Series 200 Motorola 680x0 2.x, 5.1
Series 300 Motorola 680x0 6.x, 7.x, 8.0/01/05/07, 9.0/01/03/10
Series 400 Motorola 680x0 7.x, 8.0/01/05/07
Series 500 HP Focus 1.x, 5.x
Series 600 HP PA-RISC 2.x, 3.x, 7.0, 8.0/02/06, 9.0/02/04
Series 700 HP PA-RISC 7.03/05/09, 8.0/01/05/07,
9.01/03/05/07/09, 10.x, 11.x
Series 800 HP PA-RISC 1.x, 2.x, 3.x, 7.0, 8.0/02/06,
9.0/02/04, 10.x, 11.0/10/11/23
Itanium Intel IPF 11.2x
HP9000 Series 100 machines did not run HP-UX. They ran HPL, BASIC or
Pascal. These languages were usually stored on disks and loaded from
there, but you could also get the languages on plug-in ROM cards.
Series 400 machines were basically HP9000/Apollo hybrids. The boot PROM
contained support for two different modes - one for DomainOS (the native
Apollo operating system) and one for HP-UX.
Series 900 is the HP3000 family of business servers. These machines all
run MPE/iX, not HP-UX. For more information on HP3000 and MPE/iX, see:
o <http://www.hp.com/go/hp3000>
o <http://jazz.external.hp.com/>
o <comp.sys.hp.mpe>
s300 6.5 and s800 3.1 were both replaced by a supposedly converged HP-UX
7.0, but, in fact, there were significant differences, and not just
because of the IO architectues.
HP-UX releases <= 10.20 have been removed from the HP corporate price list
(ie, they can no longer be purchased).
HP-UX releases <= 10.00 have been classified as obsolete (ie, no longer
supported by HP). 10.01/10/20 will be supported through June 30, 2003.
For futher info on HP software discontinuance & obsolescense dates, see:
o <http://software.hp.com/RELEASES-MEDIA/history/slide2.html>
o <http://software.hp.com/RELEASES-MEDIA/discon/index.htm>
HP-UX 10.30 was a limited release intended for early access for 32-bit
kernel threads development and testing, prior to the release of HP-UX
11.00. For this reason, it was discontinued and obsoleted fairly
soon after the release of 11.00.
HP-UX 11.10 was a limited release and is supported only on V2500 SCA and
V2600 SCA servers. Prior to the release of 11.11, 11.10 came preinstalled
on these systems. It was never available separately.
HP-UX 11.11 and later is marketed as "HP-UX 11i." The "i" stands for
"Internet" and is meant to convey that the OS is Internet-ready. Here
are the mappings from 11i versions to HP-UX versions as reported by
uname:
11i version Uname version CPU arch. Description
==========================================================================
1.0 11.11 PA OE Release
1.5 11.20 IPF Itanium Release
1.6 11.22 IPF Consolidation Release
2.0 11.23 PA+IPF Independence Release
2T 11.24? PA+IPF TruCluster Release
3.0 11.30 PA+IPF Self-Healing/Tuning Release
For a release history of HP-UX that includes discontinuance and
obsolescence dates for the various releases, see:
o <http://software.hp.com/RELEASES-MEDIA/history/slide2.html>
For more information on the various HP-UX releases, refer to:
o <http://software.hp.com/RELEASES-MEDIA/>
A roadmap is available that outlines how Tru64 UNIX will be gradually
merged into upcoming HP-UX releases:
o http://www.tru64.org/Compaq/tru64_roadmap.gif
------------------------------
Subject: 3.4 Where can I find definitions of various HP-UX terms?
Added: 04/16/01
Refer to the glossary(9) manpage.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.5 What is HP's address and phone number?
Updated: 10/09/01
The address of HP Corporate Offices is:
Hewlett-Packard Company
3000 Hanover Street
Palo Alto, CA 94304-1185
and the phone numbers are:
o 650.857.1501 (8am-5pm PST)
o Fax: 650.857.5518
For general product information call:
o 800.752.0900 (6am-5pm PST)
For information on ordering HP manuals and supplies, call Parts Direct
Ordering toll-free in the United States at:
o 800.227.8164
or visit the HP Parts homepage at:
o <http://www.hp.com/hps/parts/>
------------------------------
Subject: 3.6 How does HP-UX rank among other enterprise Unixes?
Added: 06/17/02
The latest D.H. Brown report entitled "2002 UNIX Function Review" ranks
HP-UX 11i #1, over Solaris 8, AIX 5.1, and Tru64 5.1, in all five
categories - reliability, availability and serviceability; Internet and
Web application services; directory and security services; systems
management; and scalability.
The press release is at:
o <http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/30may02b.htm>
The report itself is available at:
o <http://www.dhbrown.com/dhbrown/02UnixFunRev.cfm>
------------------------------
Subject: 3.7 How does the Compaq merger affect the HP-UX roadmap?
Added: 06/17/02
HP and Compaq both offered UNIX operating systems: HP-UX and Compaq Tru64
UNIX.
Decision: HP-UX will be the long-term UNIX for the new HP. Tru64 UNIX has
some very advanced features -- including clustering and file systems --
and some of those will be integrated into HP-UX over time.
Rationale: HP-UX has a much larger market share and installed base of
customers. It also has much broader ISV support than Tru64 UNIX.
------------------------------
Subject: 4. RESOURCES
------------------------------
Subject: 4.1 FAQs
------------------------------
Subject: 4.1.1 Where can I get a copy of this FAQ file?
Updated: 10/09/01
An ASCII text version of this FAQ is available at:
o <ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/faqs/hp/hpux-faq>
An HTML version of this FAQ is available at:
o <http://www.faqs.org/faqs/hp/hpux-faq/>
A Japanese version of this FAQ is available from CUA (HP Computer Users
Association); send mail to <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>. The original translation
was done by Masataka Isoya <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>. Subsequent
translations have been done by Kumiko Watanabe.
o <http://www.hpcua.gr.jp/FREEFAQ.html>
There is also a legacy version of this FAQ, which contains information
on HP-UX 9.x and earlier. This is available at:
o <http://www.geocities.com/ian_springer/legacy_hpux_faq.txt> (ASCII)
o <http://www.geocities.com/ian_springer/legacy_hpux_faq.html> (HTML)
Note, the legacy FAQ is no longer updated. It is archived for the benefit
of those still running old versions of HP-UX.
If all else fails, contact the maintainer.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.1.2 What other HP-UX-related FAQs exist?
Updated: 01/23/03
There is an HP-UX 11i FAQ at:
o <http://www.hp.com/workstations/risc/operating/hpux11i/faqs.html>
HP provides an "HP-UX 11.x FAQ" on the HP-UX 11.x STK website. This FAQ
focuses on differences between HP-UX 11.x and earlier releases of HP-UX.
One subject that is covered throughly is upgrading to 11.x:
o <http://devrsrc1.external.hp.com/STK/hpux_faq.html>
There is a "Certified for HP-UX FAQ" that discusses the offical
certification of 3rd part applications for HP-UX:
o <http://www.keylabs.com/certified4hp-ux/hpux_faq.html>
There is an HP3000 FAQ available at:
o <http://www.3k.com/faq/hpfaqi.html>
CERN's IT department has assembled an HP-UX 10.0 FAQ, comprised of
documents from HP ITRC:
o <http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/pdp/ose/file/hpux10/tree.html>
There is an Ignite-UX (IUX) FAQ available from HP:
o <http://software.hp.com/products/IUX/faq.html> (HTML)
o <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> (ASCII)
There is a Java on HP-UX FAQ available from HP:
o <http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/java/java2/sdkrte1_3/faq.html>
There are a number of FAQs describing building and/or using various 3rd
party products on HP-UX:
o Ximian GNOME for HP-UX 11.x FAQ:
+
<http://www.hp.com/workstations/support/software/hpux/gnome/doc.html#faq>
o Building Mozilla on HP-UX FAQ:
+ <http://www.mozilla.org/unix/hpux.html>
o Building Jikes on HP-UX FAQ:
+
<http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/jikes/faq/dev-hp-ux.s
html>
o SarCheck for HP-UX FAQ:
+ <http://www.sarcheck.com/hptech.htm>
o Domino for HP-UX FAQ:
+
<http://www.lotus.com/products/r5web.nsf/4efced3d866c2c2d852566cc0050ffd5/bf
f012fb1137d90f85256b4b00532f0a?OpenDocument>
------------------------------
Subject: 4.2 Web Sites
------------------------------
Subject: 4.2.1 HP Sites
------------------------------
Subject: 4.2.1.1 What is the URL of HP's main web site?
Added: 04/10/01
There are several mirrors, spread across various continents:
o U.S.: <http://www.hp.com/> or <http://hp.com/>
o Europe: <http://www.europe.hp.com/>
o Asia: <http://www.asia.hp.com/>
Russia and Germany also have their own translated mirrors:
o Russia: <http://www.hp.ru/> (in Russian)
o Germany: <http://www.hewlett-packard.de/> or
<http://hewlett-packard.de/> (in German)
------------------------------
Subject: 4.2.1.2 Where can I browse HP documentation on the Web?
Updated: 04/06/01
The HP Technical Documentation website is at <http://docs.hp.com/>.
Here you can browse, search, and view the latest product
documentation and technical information about HP 9000 hardware
and software products, either by topic or release.
Included are installation guides, user guides, reference manuals,
manual pages, tools, training, technical white papers, and FAQ's
for both 10.x and 11.x releases.
Note, many of the documents on <http://docs.hp.com/> are also distributed
as part of the HP-UX media set, on the CD entitled "HP-UX Instant
Information."
There are several other HP sites that provide documentation:
o HP Developer's Resource: <http://devresource.hp.com/>
o HP Microprocessor Design Labs: <http://cpus.hp.com/>
o HP Itanium[TM] Homepage: <http://ia-64.hp.com/>
o HP OpenView Homepage: <http://openview.hp.com/> ("support" section)
------------------------------
Subject: 4.2.1.3 Where can I get support from HP on the Web?
Updated: 10/09/01
Go to the HP IT Resource Center (ITRC) web site; there are several
mirrors:
o America/Asia-Pacific <http://us.itrc.hp.com/> or
Sites: <http://us-support.external.hp.com/> or
<http://us-support2.external.hp.com/> or
<http://us-support3.external.hp.com/> or
<http://itresourcecenter.hp.com/>
o European <http://europe.itrc.hp.com/> or
Sites: <http://europe-support.external.hp.com/> or
<http://europe-support2.external.hp.com/> or
<http://www.itresourcecenter.hp.com/> or
<http://www.itrc.hp.com/> or
<http://itrc.hp.com/>
NOTE: The America/Asia-Pacific ITRC sites do not share user registration
data with the European ITRC sites. European support customers
should register at and continue to use the European site, and
Americas/Asia-Pacific support customers should register at and
continue to use the Americas/Asia-Pacific site.
The HP ITRC allows you to:
o Resolve software problems by searching up-to-date support and problem-
solving information, and by downloading the latest HP-UX patches
o Browse news and current announcements
o Subscribe to automatically receive the latest Hewlett-Packard support
information
o Log, track, and reply to non-urgent calls with the Response Center.
HP's support offerings on the ITRC site are fairly extensive. Anyone can
access the Patch Database, Support Information Digests, and certain
portions of the Technical Knowledge Database.
HP does require (free) registration to access anything on the ITRC.
When you click on any of the links, it will ask you to either Enter as a
Registered User, or Register Now.
With a valid software agreement, you can also log non-urgent calls, and
search more of the Technical Knowledge Database. You will also be able
to access the Software Update Manager. With PSS or PAS level support,
you are also able to access the Custom Patch Manager.
If you do not have a software agreement, or you don't have the
information for it, after you have registered and the ITRC has given you
your userid, go back until you get the "Enter as a Registered User"
choice again. (The only link on the page that gives you your userid
tries to link you to a software agreement)
The ITRC phone number for U.S. customers with support contracts is
800.633.3600. For a list of phone numbers for other countries see:
o <http://www.hp.com/racksolutions/pduprog/us/eng/callcenters.html>
------------------------------
Subject: 4.2.1.4 Other HP Sites
Added: 04/17/01
HP Software
===========
HP Software Depot:
o <http://software.hp.com/>
HP Software Release Information:
o <http://software.hp.com/SW-INFO/>
Exploring HP-UX Releases and Media:
o <http://software.hp.com/RELEASES-MEDIA/>
HP OpenView Homepage:
o <http://openview.hp.com/>
HP Hardware
===========
HP PartSurfer:
o <http://partsurfer.hp.com/>
HP Microprocessor Design Labs:
o <http://cpus.hp.com/>
HP Itanium[TM] Homepage:
o <http://ia-64.hp.com/>
General
=======
Search All of HP:
o <http://search.hp.com/>
HP Technical Computing Solutions Center:
o <http://www.hp-tcsc.com/>
------------------------------
Subject: 4.2.2 Non-HP Sites
------------------------------
Subject: 4.2.2.1 EnterpriseUnix.org
Added: 01/22/03
EnterpriseUnix.org is a website for system administrators, developers,
and enterprise managers, offering recent industry news, events, links,
etc. related to the convergence of HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX running on the
Itanium Processor Family.
o <http://www.enterpriseunix.org/> or <http://www.hpunix.org/>
------------------------------
Subject: 4.2.2.2 EPFL Support HP / HPLine
Added: 04/16/01
EPFL Support HP is a Swiss HP-UX Support Site that provides some useful
information and links. Most of the site is in French, though some parts
are in English.
o <http://hpwww.epfl.ch/>
------------------------------
Subject: 4.3 Newsgroups
------------------------------
Subject: 4.3.1 List of HP-UX-related Usenet newsgroups
Added: 04/19/01
------------------------------
o <comp.sys.hp.hpux> newsgroup devoted to HP-UX
o <comp.sys.hp.hardware> newsgroup devoted to HP hardware
o <comp.sys.hp.apps> newsgroup devoted to HP applications
o <japan.comp.hpux> HP-UX newsgroup for Japanese-speaking users
o <pl.comp.os.hp-ux> HP-UX newsgroup for Polish-speaking users
o <uvic.mlist.hpux-admin> Usenet gateway of the hpux-admin mailing list
------------------------------
Subject: 4.3.2 What is HP's involvement in the HP-related newsgroups?
HP does not, to my knowledge, have a formal policy regarding employee
involvement in the HP-related newsgroups. There is significant activity
from HP employees, typically Response Center engineers and lab engineers.
Much of the information in this document originally came from internal
HP sources.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.3.3 The ITRC HP-UX Forum
Updated: 01/23/03
The HP-UX Forum on the HP ITRC web site contains a wealth of useful
information:
o <http://forums.itrc.hp.com/cm/FamilyHome/0,,117,00.html>
As with all ITRC pages, you must be registered on the ITRC in order to
access it.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.4 Mailing Lists
------------------------------
Subject: 4.4.1 HPUX-Admin Mailing List
Updated: 04/30/02
Bart Muyzer runs an HP-UX system administration mailing list. In short,
the purpose of the mailing list is to discuss matters related to HP-UX
System Administration.
o Example topics:
* Discussing debugging/problem solving
* How do I port application this-and-this to HP-UX?
* What patch(es) should I install to solve a problem?
* Discussing the (un)desired effects of patches
* HP-UX specific security issues
o URLs:
* <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
- To send a message to ALL MEMBERS of the list.
* <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> (enter commands in body of message)
- To subscribe to HP-UX Administrators Mailing List:
subscribe hpux-admin [email_address]
- To subscribe to the Digest of HP-UX Administrators Mailing List:
subscribe hpux-admin-digest [email_address]
- email_address is optional and, when left out, will be set to the
contents of your "From: " line.
- To retrieve the list charter:
get hpux-admin hpux-admin-policy
- To get a list of available commands:
help
* <http://www.dutchworks.nl/htbin/hpsysadmin/>
- Browse & search the archives.
* <ftp://ftp.dutchworks.nl/pub/digests/hpux-admin/>
- Back issues are available in /pub/digests/hpux-admin/vNN.nMMM
(where "NN" is the volume number, and "MMM" is the issue number).
- The back issues are also available through majordomo's "get"
command.
Problems, questions, suggestions and the like should go to the address
<mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
------------------------------
Subject: 4.4.2 HP 9000 series 500 Mailing List
There is a mailing list dedicated to the HP 9000 series 500 (HP Focus)
machine. The purpose of the list is:
o to provide help on porting software to this dated machine
o to discuss the HP 9000 series 500
To get on (or off) the list, send email to
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
with the word
subscribe (or unsubscribe)
in the subject line.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.4.3 HPMINI-L Mailing List
Added: 04/16/01
The HPMINI-L Mailing List is dedicated to topics directly relating to
Hewlett-Packard workstations, primarily those running HP-UX. The list
homepage is:
o <http://www.am.qub.ac.uk/world/lists/hpmini-l/>
------------------------------
Subject: 4.5 Periodicals
------------------------------
Subject: 4.5.1 hp-ux/usr
Updated: 03/29/01
- A newsletter devoted to HP-UX, published by Interex in hardcopy form &
online -
The archives can be viewed, by Interex members only, at:
o <http://www.interex.org/hpuxusr/>
Interex also publishes several other magazines related to HP-UX. For
a complete list, see:
o <http://www.interex.org/publications/>
------------------------------
Subject: 4.5.2 The HP Chronicle
Updated: 01/23/03
The HP Chronicle was a tabloid-sized newspaper containing news from HP
and other vendors of compatible hardware, software and peripherals -
recently acquired and dissolved by ServerWorld Magazine. Archive issues
can be viewed at:
o <http://www.serverworldmagazine.com/hpchronicle/>
------------------------------
Subject: 4.6 Books
------------------------------
Subject: 4.6.1 HP-UX 11.x Books
"HP-UX 11i System Administration Handbook and Toolkit", with CD (Audio)
by Marty Poniatowski, 03/01
ISBN: 0130600814
"HP-UX 11.x System Administration: How To Book", 2nd Edition
by Marty Poniatowski, 12/18/98
ISBN: 0130125156
"The HP-UX 11.x System Administration Handbook and Toolkit"
by Marty Poniatowski, 06/18/99
ISBN: 0130125148
------------------------------
Subject: 4.6.2 HP-UX 10.x Books
"Learning the HP-UX Operating System"
by Marty Poniatowski, 07/18/96
ISBN: 0132585340
"HP-UX 10.X System Administration: How To Book"
by Marty Poniatowski, 10/95
ISBN: 0131258737
------------------------------
Subject: 4.6.3 HP-UX 10.x/11.x Books
Updated: 04/01/01
"Disk and File Management Tasks on HP-UX"
by Tom Madell, 10/96
ISBN: 013518861X
HP-UX Tuning and Performance: Concept, Tools, and Methods
By Robert F. Sauers and Peter S. Weygant, 06/99
ISBN: 0131027166
"Clusters for High Availability: A Primer of HP-UX Solutions", 2nd Edition
by Peter S. Weygant, 04/11/01
ISBN: 0130893552
"HP-UX System and Administration Guide"
by Jay Shah, 12/96
ISBN: 0070572771
------------------------------
Subject: 4.6.4 CDE Books
Updated: 04/02/01
"Configuring CDE: The Common Desktop Environment"
by Charles Fernandez, 06/14/96
ISBN: 0131027247
"Common Desktop Environment 1.0: Advanced User's and System
Administrator's Guide"
by CDE Documentation Group, 07/95
ISBN: 020148952X
"CDE and Motif: A Practical Primer"
by Antonino N. Mione, 12/97
ISBN: 0137608284
------------------------------
Subject: 4.6.5 Books from HP
Added: 04/10/01
Prentice Hall PTR publishes books for technical professionals with the
imprint Hewlett-Packard Professional Books. These books are generally
written by HP employees, often the engineers who helped devlop the
product(s) being discussed.
For a list of all titles, go to:
o <http://www.hp.com/hpbooks/>
All of the books are available for purchase from Amazon.com Books
(<http://books.amazon.com/>).
------------------------------
Subject: 4.6.6 HP Product Manuals
Added: 04/10/01
On HP-UX 11.00 and earlier, refer to manuals(5) for a list of all HP-UX-
related manuals, and the corresponding HP part numbers.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.7 Local Files
------------------------------
Subject: 4.7.1 The HP-UX Reference Manual
Updated: 09/12/03
An online version of the HP-UX Reference Manual is installed as part of
HP-UX. The HP-UX Reference is divided into eight major sections:
o Section 1: User Commands
o Section 1M: System Administration Commands
o Section 2: System Calls
o Section 3: Library Functions
o Section 4: File Formats
o Section 5: Miscellaneous
o Section 7: Device Special Files
o Section 9: Introduction and Glossary
Sections are further divided into many individual entried called manual
pages, or simply manpages. Manpages can be viewed using the man command.
For more information on manpages, see man(1) - ie:
$ man man
On 11.x, also see introduction(9).
Addtionally, hyperlinked HTML versions of the 10.x and 11.x reference
manuals can be viewed online at:
o http://docs.hp.com/hpux/os/man_pages.html
------------------------------
Subject: 4.7.2 /usr/share/doc
Added: 04/17/01
On HP-UX 10.00 and later, the /usr/share/doc directory contains HP-UX
release notes and technical whitepapers. Most of the documents are in
ASCII text format. On 10.x, some of the documents are in PCL format. On
10.x and 11.00, several of the documents are in PostScript format. And on
11.11, a few of the documents are in PDF format.
The text (.txt) files can be readily viewed using a variety of viewers
(more, pg, vi, etc..). The PCL, PostScript, and PDF files are meant to
be printed out, not viewed online. In order to view them online, you
would need to install third-party applications such as GhostScript and
GhostView. You would also need to have a graphical display and have an
X server running.
Hewlett Packard Printer Control Language (.pcl) files can be printed on
any HP printer. If you have a non-HP printer, you can use GhostScript,
or a number of other programs, to convert the PCL to PostScript.
PostScript (.ps) files can be printed on any printer that supports
PostScript However, it is not necessary to have a PostScript-compatible
printer. There are public domain programs, for example, GhostScript, that
can convert PostScript to other printer languages, such as PCL.
To print Portable Document Format (.pdf) files, download and install
Adobe[R] Acrobat[R] Reader (see question 8.35). Alternatively, you can
use GhostScript to convert from PDF to PostScript or PCL.
Now that you know how to view and print the documents, here is a listing
of the documents you'll find in /usr/share/doc on 11.00, 11.11, and 10.20:
11.00
=====
11.00RelNotes Release Notes for HP-UX 11.0, 3rd Edition - '98
NTP_Primer.txt Network Time Protocol on HP-UX
RelNotesNFS_TCP.txt Release Notes for NFS over TCP Enablement
Functionality - 02/00
RelNotes_newftp.txt Release Notes for ftp - 06/98
bind496.txt BIND 4.9.6 Features : Summary Information - 10/97
boot.txt HP-UX 10.x (and 11.x) System Boot and Startup White
Paper - 04/96
configure.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) CONFIGURATION/STARTUP FILES
doc_map.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.x (and 11.x) Documentation Map (06/97)
euro_howto.txt How to Setup Euro Enablement for the First Time
euro_relnotes.txt Release Notes for Euro-Software Patch
file_sys.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.x (and 11.x) File System Layout White Paper
- 04/95
iconv.txt HP-UX 10.x (and 11.x) Iconv Customization
lg_files.txt(ps) HP-UX Large Files White Paper, v1.4 - '97
libc_y2k.txt Programming For the Year 2000: HP-UX Standard C
Libraries White Paper, v1.9 - 02/97
links.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) Start/Kill Sequence Numbers -
05/96
mem_mgt.txt(ps) HP-UX Memory Management White Paper, v1.3 - 04/97
mem_wndws.txt 11.0 Memory Windows White Paper
mp.txt(ps) HP-UX MultiProcessing White Paper, v1.3 - 04/97
nls_locale.txt Locale Methods Customization
pamized_rcom_readme.txt PAMized rexecd and remshd
panics.txt HP-UX 11.0 System Panics White Paper, 3rd edition -
09/97
partner_info.txt HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) Startup and Configuration
Developer Check List
patch_pgrm.txt [1] HP-UX 10.X Patch Program White Paper, 4th edition -
06/97
proc_mgt.txt(ps) HP-UX Process Management White Paper, v1.3 - 04/97
sendmail8-8_delta.txt What's New in HP-UX sendmail-8.8.6?
sendmail8-9_delta.txt What's New In HP-UX Sendmail 8.9.3?
sendmail8-9_release.txt HP-UX Sendmail 8.9.3 Release Notes - 09/99
sequence.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) Start/Kill Sequence Links -
Order Paradigms
start_up.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) Startup and Configuration
sw_patches.txt HP-UX 11.0 Version B.11.00 Patch List - 09/97
sys_crash.txt HP-UX 11.x System Crash Dump
11dev.ps HP-UX 11.00 Software Developer's Guide - 10/16/97
64bit_driver_migration.ps How to Write a 64-bit Clean IO Driver for
HP-UX: A 32-bit to 64-bit I/O Driver Migration
Guide - 12/06/96
V.4version.ps Steps to Version Your Shared Library (using V.4
Versioning)
dev_apps.ps File Sharing and Other Helpful Facts for HP-UX 10.0
Software Developers, v1.0 - 09/29/94
iop.ps Application Interoperability White Paper, v1.0 -
09/05/97
ux95.ps Programming for UNIX 95 and HP-UX Binary
Compatibility - 05/22/96
NOTES:
[1] Patch PHCO_22044 will upgrade this paper to the current version:
patch_pgrm.txt (1) HP-UX 11.X Patch Program White Paper, 2nd edition -
04/98
In 11.11, HP has removed most of the whitepapers from /usr/share/doc/ and
recommends viewing up-to-date versions of the documents on
<http://docs.hp.com/> instead. Nonetheless, there are still a number of
useful documents in /usr/share/doc/:
files that are new in 11.11
===========================
README HP-UX 11i /usr/share/doc/README - 11/00
11iRelNotes.txt(html) HP-UX 11i Release Notes, 1st Edition - 12/00
11.00RelNotes Release Notes for HP-UX 11.0, 6th Edition - 10/97
11iSRB.txt A pointer to the HP ITRC (<http://us.itrc.hp.com/>)
Previously, the 11.00SRB.Z (Software Release
Bulletin) listed all known defects. This list is
always changing, and there is no equivalent 11i
version of 11.00SRB.Z.
ASX-JPN Japanese System Environment (JSE) A.02.60 Release
Notes
ASX-JPN-E(S) same as above (Japanese)
ASX-KOR Korean System Environment (KSE) A.02.60 Release
Notes
ASX-SCH Simplified Chinese System Environment (SSE) A.02.60
Release Notes
ASX-TCH Traditional Chinese System Environment (TSE)
A.02.60 Release Notes
ASX-UTF8 Asian System Environment (ASE) Unicode Release
Notes
PAMKerberosRelNotes.pdf PAM Kerberos Release Notes, Edition 2 - 12/00
PRINT-ASE-NOTE Obsolescence announcement of printing options of
Asian System Environments (ASEs)
PRINTER-JPN-E(S) Printers supported by JSE (Japanese)
SETNETLP_Guide-E(S) setnetlp(1M) Guide for JSE (Japanese)
TechPrtServ/C/RelNotes Technical Print Service Release Notes
TechPrtServ/C/tpsGuide.ps(pcl) Technical Print Service System
Administrator's Guide,
1st Edition - 03/97
planning_SuperDome_configs.pdf Planning SuperDome Configurations,
Edition 1 - 10/00
sw_patches.txt HP-UX 11i Version 1 Patch List - 09/00
files in 10.20, that are no longer included in 11.x
===================================================
10.20RelNotes Release Notes for HP-UX 10.20, 4th Edition - 06/96
10.20SRB HP-UX 10.20 Software Release Bulletin
(lists all known defects)
RelNotesHWE.txt Release Notes for HP-UX 10.20 Hardware Extensions
2.0 (April 1998)
10.20HWE1.1_RelNotes HP-UX 10.20 Hardware Extensions 1.1 Release Notes -
02/98
Extension_Software/xx/XSW[78]00GR1020.readme HP-UX 10.20 Extension
Software Release xx README
NFS.ps Installing and Administering NFS Services, HP 9000
Networking - 02/98
NFSD_Concepts_Admin.ps NFS Diskless Concepts and Administration White
Paper - '94
NFS_Client_Server.ps NFS Client/Server Configuration Topology and
Performance Tuning Guide White Paper, Rev. 1.1 -
08/29/95
bog.txt(ps).Z Name Server Operations Guide for BIND Release 4.9.5
dev_apps.ps File Sharing & Other Helpful Facts for HP-UX 10.0
Software Developers, v1.0 - '94
patch_pgrm.txt HP-UX 10.0 Patch Program White Paper, 3rd Edition -
09/95
rfc1034.Z RFC 1034: DOMAIN NAMES - CONCEPTS & FACILITIES -
11/87
rfc1035.Z RFC 1035: DOMAIN NAMES - IMPLEMENTATION &
SPECIFICATION - 11/87
rfc1535.Z RFC 1535: A Security Problem and Proposed
Correction With Widely Deployed DNS Software -
10/93
sendmail8-7_manual.ps(pcl) Installing and Administering sendmail 8.7
sw_patches.txt HP-UX 10.20 Patch List - 06/96
------------------------------
Subject: 4.8 Conferences and Workshops
------------------------------
Subject: 4.8.1 HP World Conference & Expo
Updated: 03/17/01
The next HP World conference is August 20-24, 2001 in Chicago, IL.
You can find more details about the conference and register on the Web at
<http://www.hpworld.com/>, or by contacting Interex (see subject 4.3).
------------------------------
Subject: 4.8.2 InterWorks Conference
Updated: 03/17/01
The next InterWorks conference is at the Hyatt Regency, San Francisco, CA,
May 6-9, 2001. The annual InterWorks Conference is internationally
recognized as the best place for technical professionals using HP
technology to get in-depth training on today's most compelling computing
issues. As an attendee, you'll gather the technical tips and techniques
that can make your environment perform optimally. HP-UX, Linux[R], and
Windows[R] 2000/NT[R] are just some of the critical topics that will be
explored during the 4-day event. For more details go to
<http://www.interex.org/conference/iworks2001/>, or contact Interex (see
subject 4.3).
------------------------------
Subject: 4.8.3 HP/Works Technical Workshops
Updated: 04/02/01
HP/Works holds technical workshops throughout the year. For a schedule of
past and upcoming events, visit:
o <http://www.hpworks.org.uk/events/>
------------------------------
Subject: 4.9 Courses on HP-UX
------------------------------
Subject: 4.9.1 Courses offered by HP
Updated: 04/02/01
HP offers many courses related to HP-UX. For details, visit the following
web sites:
o <http://www.hp.com/education/>
o <http://education.itresourcecenter.hp.com/>
------------------------------
Subject: 4.10 Organizations
------------------------------
Subject: 4.10.1 Organizations within the U.S.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.10.1.1 Interex, The International Association of
Hewlett-Packard Computing Professionals
Updated: 04/02/01
The Independent Association of Hewlett-Packard Computing Professionals,
known as Interex, has a worldwide membership of more than 18,000.
It is a not-for-profit, 20 year old organization. Interex has a monthly
publication called "HP World", as well as a detailed technical publication
called "hp-ux/usr". Interex sponsors the HP World and InterWorks
conferences. For detailed information about Interex, including how to
become a member, see the web site at:
o <http://www.interex.org/>
------------------------------
Subject: 4.10.1.2 InterWorks
Updated: 04/03/01
InterWorks, formerly the Apollo Domain User's Society (ADUS), was
originally formed to provide a users group specifically for HP
workstation users. Over the course of the past few years the
organization has been merged into Interex (see question 4.10.1.1 for
more about Interex).
Despite InterWorks having been absorbed into Interex, the InterWorks
anonymous FTP site _is_ still up and running:
o <ftp://interworks.org/pub/comp.hp/>
See Item 4.13 for a more detailed description of this site's content.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.10.2 Organizations outside the U.S.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.10.2.1 Interex Netherlands HP User Group (AKA DutchWorks)
Updated: 03/26/01
The Interex Netherlands HP User Group, also known as DutchWorks, was
formed to provide a users group for technical users. It represents
technical HP users of HP9000 Workstations and Servers, Instrument
Controllers (RTE, HP-RT, RM BASIC, etc.), and Vectra PC's. The group
has a BBS which maintains a library of HP-UX, DOMAIN, RTE and BASIC
software. Since October '94, it also runs a full mirror of the Liverpool
HP-UX Archive (<http://hpux.tn.tudelft.nl/>). The URL for the DutchWorks
website is <http://www.dutchworks.nl/>.
Membership details are available from:
Hans Hartwijk,
Weidezoom 11,
2742 EX Waddinxveen
The Netherlands
31 (0)1828 15086
or by e-mail to <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> (Jaap Kooman, chair
DutchWorks)
DutchWorks also sponsors the HP-UX Administrators Mailing List
(hpux-admin) mailing list. Subject 4.20 of this FAQ contains information
on this mailing list.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.10.2.2 HP/Works
Updated: 04/02/01
HP/Works is the HP Technical Computing User Group, based in the UK. It is
an independent group, supporting all users of HP and Apollo computer
systems - running the HP-UX, DOMAIN, Linux or NT operating systems -
throughout Europe. Also supported are those who use HP products, such as
OpenView.
For further information, visit the HP/Works web site:
o <http://www.hpworks.org.uk/>
------------------------------
Subject: 4.10.2.3 Japanese HP Computer Users Association
Updated: 09/12/03
As of March 31, 2002, the CUA is no longer operational.
However, the web site may still be accessed at:
o <http://www.hpcua.gr.jp/>
and you may or may not be able to contact someone by emailing
<mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]>.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.11 Third-Party Vendors
------------------------------
Subject: 4.11.1 Hewlett-Packard Vendor Listing
Added: 03/24/01
There is an extensive listing of third-party HP vendors that is maintained
by volunteers and updated on a regular basis:
o <http://www.triolet.com/HPVend/hpvend.html>
------------------------------
Subject: 5. SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION
------------------------------
Subject: 5.1 Auditing and Security
------------------------------
Subject: 5.1.1 How do group privileges work?
Updated: 07/11/01
HP-UX 9.0 and later allows special attributes to be associated with
groups, which allows some superuser-like capabilities to be controlled by
defining which groups they are accessible from. In this way it becomes
possible to distribute superuser accessible commands to other users
without allowing them full access to all other superuser capabilities.
Implicitly, the super-user is a member of ALL groups.
This allows some (slight) relaxing of UNIX's 'all or nothing' approach to
distributing privileged capabilities. Privileged groups are an HP-UX-
specific feature.
Here is a list of group privileges available in various releases of HP-UX,
along with a brief description of the system capabilities that they
control:
9.0 and later
=============
o PRIV_RTPRIO - can use rtprio() to set real-time priorities (see
rtprio(1) and rtprio(2))
o PRIV_MLOCK - can use plock() to lock process text and data into
memory, and the shmctl() SHM_LOCK function to lock shared
memory segments (see plock(2) and shmctl(2))
o PRIV_CHOWN - can use chown() to change file ownerships (see chown(1)
and chown(2))
o PRIV_LOCKRDONLY - can use lockf() to set locks on files that are open
for reading only (see lockf(2))
o PRIV_SETRUGID - can use setuid() and setgid() to change, respectively,
the real user ID and real group ID of a process (see
setuid(2) and setgid(2))
10.0 and later
==============
o PRIV_MPCTL - can use mpctl() to change the processor assignment,
locality domain assignment, or launch policy of another
process (see mpctl(2))
o PRIV_RTSCHED - can use sched_setparam() and sched_setscheduler() to
set POSIX.4 real-time priorities (see rtsched(1) and
rtsched(2))
o PRIV_SERIALIZE - can use serialize() to force the target process to
run serially with other processes that are also
marked by this system call (see serialize(1),
serialize(2))
11.0 and later
==============
o PRIV_SPUCTL - can use spuctl() (undocumented) to control SPU
allocation (see /usr/include/sys/spuctl.h)
11i and later
=============
o PRIV_FSSTHREAD - can use fss() (undocumented) to control fair share
scheduler (see /usr/include/sys/fss.h)
o PRIV_PSET - can use pset_*() (undocumented) to control processor set
(see /usr/include/sys/pset.h)
Group privileges can be granted to individual groups, or globally (ie - to
all groups, and hence, all users).
Although this doesn't appear to be covered by any HP documentation, it
appears that users are assigned the group privileges associated with
their primary group ID, and of all secondary groups defined within file
/etc/logingroup.
By default, the setprivgrp command changes are no longer effective once
you reboot your system. However, you can execute the command
'/sbin/init.d/set_prvgrp start' to ensure that the privilege group changes
are permanent. /sbin/init.d/set_prvgrp runs '/usr/sbin/setprivgrp -f
/etc/privgroup'. The /etc/privgrp file should contain one or more lines
in the following format:
groupname [privileges]
-g [privileges]
-n [privileges]
Each line in privgrp must end with a newline character. The syntax for
'groupname' and 'privileges' is described in the "Options and Arguments"
section of setprivgrp(1M).
If the /etc/privgrp is not found when the system boots, the PRIV_CHOWN
privilege is automatically enabled globally (as if '-g CHOWN' was
specified). Furthermore, by default, /etc/privgrp does NOT exist.
The group privilege feature is often used to secure the chown command,
which has the potential to be misused. The chown command may be used to
change the owner ID of a file (or files) to another specified owner. As
mentioned above, by default, PRIV_CHOWN is granted globally. Hence, the
chown command may be used by any user to assign ownership of their own
files to any other user, including root.
For example, HP-UX's disk-space accounting facility may be used to report
the total disk usage of all users. It's possible for users to conceal
their total disk usage by using the chown command to assign the ownership
of their own files to other users.
On BSD-derived UNIX implementations, chown usage is limited to super-
users only. By removing the global group privilege PRIV_CHOWN using the
setprivgrp command, it's also possible to close this loophole on HP-UX,
by limiting usage of the chown command to users who are members of
specified groups only. This can be achieved as follows:
# echo "-n CHOWN" >>/etc/privgrp
# /sbin/init.d/set_prvgrp start
HP-UX documentation recommends that you not rely on the privileged group
mechanism to restrict access to the setuid and setgid system calls.
They do not guarantee that group privileges will be supported by future
releases of HP-UX.
For more information, see getprivgrp(1), setprivgrp(1M), getprivgrp(2),
setprivgrp(2), and privgrp(4).
------------------------------
Subject: 5.1.2 Why are mail files in /var/mail owned by 'daemon' instead
of the recipient?
The mail delivery agent /bin/rmail needs to be able to chown(2) these
files. It can not do so if you have removed the privilege CHOWN (see
setprivgrp(1m); removing CHOWN is recommended to prevent cheating on disk
quotas). To get around this, noting that /bin/rmail runs setgid to group
mail, you can grant privilege CHOWN to group mail only by inserting the
line "mail CHOWN" in /etc/privgroup. The change takes effect on the next
reboot, or immediately if you execute the command
"setprivgrp -f /etc/privgroup".
------------------------------
Subject: 5.1.3 How can I restrict regular users from logging in at the
console?
Added: 04/02/01
For a terminal console
======================
If the /etc/securetty file is present, login security is in effect.
User root is only allowed to log in successfully on the ttys listed in
this file. Restricted ttys are listed by device name, one per line.
Valid tty names are dependent on the installation. So to restrict root
logins to only the console:
# echo console >/etc/securetty
The use of /etc/securetty is documented in login(1).
For a CDE console
=================
Create a file named 'nologin' in /etc/:
# >/etc/nologin
Then add something like this to your /etc/dt/config/Xstartup file:
if pwget -n "$USER" | awk -F: '{exit !($3 == 0)}'; then
if [ -f /etc/nologin ] || \
grep '^console$' /etc/securetty >/dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "[$(date)] non-root login attempt from CDE console -" \
"access denied" >>/var/adm/console_login_attempts_log
exit 1
fi
fi
See dtlogin(1) for a detailed description of the Xstartup file.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.1.4 How can I disable non-root logins?
Add the following to /etc/profile, then 'touch /etc/nologin'; this will
disable all new logins, except by root:
uid=`id -u`
if [ -f /etc/nologin -a $uid -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Sorry, no logins allowed; try later!"
sleep 5
exit 0
fi
------------------------------
Subject: 5.1.5 Where can I find a list of all patches corresponding to
security advisories?
Updated: 11/13/01
See the HP-UX Patch Security Matrix at:
o
<http://us.itrc.hp.com/cki/bin/doc.pl/sid=9cc8a9cd05f671d16f/screen=ckiSecur
ityBulletin/?docId=PATCHMATRIX>
- or -
o <ftp://ftp.itrc.hp.com/export/patches/hp-ux_patch_matrix/>
Also, if you are running 11.x, HP provides a free utility called
security_patch_check that will report any security patches that are
missing from your system. To download this utility, go to:
o
<http://software.hp.com/cgi-bin/swdepot_parser.cgi/cgi/displayProductInfo.pl
?productNumber=B6834AA>
The security patch check tool requires that Perl 5.005 or higher,
as well as several Perl modules, be installed on the system that is
being checked. An HP-UX depot containing all of the required
dependencies is available at:
o
<http://www.software.hp.com/cgi-bin/swdepot_parser.cgi/cgi/displayProductInf
o.pl?productNumber=PERL>
security_patch_check is only able to analyze patches. Some HP Security
Bulletins contain manual actions which cannot be analyzed in an automated
fashion. An archive of all previously released HP security bulletins is
available at:
o <http://itrc.hp.com/cki/bin/doc.pl/screen=ckiSecurityBulletin>
------------------------------
Subject: 5.1.6 How can I protect my systems against SATAN?
Added: 04/17/01
Read CIAC Information Bulletin F-19 ("Protecting HP-UX Systems Against
SATAN") at:
o <http://ciac.llnl.gov/ciac/bulletins/f-19.shtml>
NOTE: This whitepaper was written in '95, so some of the information
contained in it may no longer apply.
To find out more about SATAN, visit SATAN's homepage:
o <http://www.fish.com/satan/>
Also, for those less inclined toward evil, check out the SAINT homepage:
o <http://www.wwdsi.com/saint/>
------------------------------
Subject: 5.1.7 What are the major differences between trusted and
non-trusted systems?
Added: 05/15/01
1. A trusted system allows system auditing to be turned on.
System auditing enables the ability to trace every system call
issued by each user on the system. Non-trusted systems run
with system auditing disabled.
2. Trusted systems have improved password management.
Below is a list of password management features:
a. Specification of a grace period and expiration period for
passwords.
b. The ability to specify system-wide password aging.
c. The ability to specify an absolute account life.
d. The ability to disable accounts after repeated login
failures.
e. Passwords lengths of up to forty (40) characters.
f. The ability to access a random password generator.
3. Trusted systems have additional login restrictions, while
non-trusted systems do not. Below are the features of
trusted system login restrictions:
a. In addition to account disabling, the account may also be
locked.
b. Setting accounts to be accessed only at certain times of
the day.
c. The ability to specify account location access. In other
words, account access at specific devices, workstations,
and so on.
d. The ability to specify a single-user boot password.
Note: These login restrictions are NOT available on
NON-TRUSTED systems.
4. A trusted system has shadowed passwords, while a non-trusted
system does not have shadowed passwords. Shadowed passwords
are kept in locations other than /etc/passwd. This prevents
users from viewing the /etc/passwd file and determining which
accounts do not have passwords. This also prevents hackers from
running "password cracker programs" against passwords in the
/etc/passwd file.
For more information, please refer to the following document:
"Administering Your HP-UX Trusted System"
The document is located at the following web site:
o <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90121/B2355-90121.html>
Locate the "Description of the HP-UX Trusted System" section in
the left menu. The following two pages contain more information:
o What is a Trusted System?
o What is C2-Level Trusted Mode?
------------------------------
Subject: 5.1.8 How can I configure things like minimum password length,
password history, and maximum simultaneous logins?
Updated: 04/22/03
These settings, along with several others, can be configured via the
security defaults configuration file /etc/default/security.
The 'security' file was introduced, undocumented, by patches to 11.00, the
latest iterations being:
o PHCO_16127 (su(1) cumulative patch)
o PHCO_24083 (login(1) cumulative patch)
o PHCO_24390 (libpam and libpam_unix cumulative patch)
The functionality added by these patches is included in 11i. It is also
fully documented via the security(4) manpage, available online at:
o <http://devrsrc1.external.hp.com/STKLI/man/11iv1.5/security_4.html>
The following summarizes how each of the 'security' settings were
introduced:
o ABORT_LOGIN_ON_MISSING_HOMEDIR
(introduced in 11.00 via PHCO_24083)
o MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH
(introduced in 11.00 via PHCO_24390)
o NOLOGIN
(introduced in 11.00 via PHCO_24083)
o NUMBER_OF_LOGINS_ALLOWED
(introduced in 11.00 via PHCO_24083)
o PASSWORD_HISTORY_DEPTH
(introduced in 11.00 via PHCO_24390)
o PASSWORD_MAXDAYS
(introduced in 11.22)
o PASSWORD_MINDAYS
(introduced in 11.22)
o PASSWORD_WARNDAYS
(introduced in 11.22)
o SU_ROOT_GROUP
(introduced in 11.00 via PHCO_16127)
o SU_DEFAULT_PATH
(introduced in 11.11)
o UMASK
(introduced in 11.22)
------------------------------
Subject: 5.1.9 What is the sticky bit's purpose?
Added: 08/23/01
A 't' or 'T' as the last character of the "ls -l" mode characters
indicates that the "sticky" (save text image) bit is set. See ls(1) for
an explanation the distinction between 't' and 'T'.
The sticky bit has a different meaning, depending on the type of file it
is set on...
sticky bit on directories
=========================
[From chmod(2)]
If the mode bit S_ISVTX (sticky bit) is set on a directory, files
inside the directory may be renamed or removed only by the owner of
the file, the owner of the directory, or the superuser (even if the
modes of the directory would otherwise allow such an operation).
[Example]
drwxrwxrwt 104 bin bin 14336 Jun 7 00:59 /tmp
sticky bit on regular files
===========================
[From chmod(2)]
If an executable file is prepared for sharing, mode bit S_ISVTX prevents
the system from abandoning the swap-space image of the program-text
portion of the file when its last user terminates. Then, when the next
user of the file executes it, the text need not be read from the file
system but can simply be swapped in, thus saving time.
[From HP-UX Kernel Tuning and Performance Guide]
Local paging. When applications are located remotely, set the "sticky bit"
on the applications binaries, using the chmod +t command. This tells the
system to page the text to the local disk. Otherwise, it is "retrieved"
across the network. Of course, this would only apply when there is actual
paging occurring. More recently, there is a kernel parameter,
page_text_to_local, which when set to 1, will tell the kernel to page all
NFS executable text pages to local swap space.
[Example]
-r-xr-xr-t 6 bin bin 2411111111664 Nov 14 2000 /usr/bin/vi
sticky bit on symlinks
======================
In HP-UX 10.0 and later, a symbolic link that has its sticky bit set is
called a transition link (i.e. links to ease the transition to the new
SVR4 filesystem layout). Transition links are a bit faster, because the
linked-to filename is stored in the inode itself, instead of using an
allocation unit to store the link. For more info on the purpose for
transition links, see the tlinstall(update_aid) manpage.
In order to set the sticky bit on a symlink, one must use the undocumented
lchmod system call (i.e. lchmod("/bin", 041777)).
[Example]
lr-xr-xr-t 1 root sys 8 Jun 7 01:00 /bin -> /usr/bin
------------------------------
5.1.10 Does HP-UX have a /dev/random, /dev/urandom, or similar device?
Updated: 09/12/03
Yes, at least for 11.11.
The Strong Random Number Generator provides a secure, non-reproducible
source of true random numbers for applications with strong security
requirements, such as for generating encryption keys. The /dev/random
and /dev/urandom files created by this product allow the read(2) system
call to retrieve strong random binary sequences of up to 256 bytes.
This interface is compatible with that provided by the Linux /dev/random
and /dev/urandom special files. The Strong RNG can be downloaded for free
from:
o
http://software.hp.com/cgi-bin/swdepot_parser.cgi/cgi/displayProductInfo.pl?
productNumber=KRNG11I
A technical white paper on the Strong RNG is available at:
o http://newfdawg.com/SSHpart5.htm
There are a few alternatives for other versions of HP-UX...
For limited purposes, one can always use the POSIX shell's $RANDOM to
receive a random integer between 0 and 32768.
Another option is a daemon from Lutz Jaenicke that can act as a
replacement for a true random device:
o <http://www.aet.tu-cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html>
Additionally, there is a hardware crypto accelerator card that also has
it's own random device. At least through the bundled APIs, this device
should be usable by applications. HP order numbers are as follows:
o Praesidium Public Key Cryptography (PKC) Accelerator Card HSC Format
for K Class - A5484A
o Praesidium Public Key Cryptography (PKC) Accelerator Card HSC Format
for D and R Class - A5485A
o Praesidium Public Key Cryptography (PKC) Accelerator Card PCI Format
for K Class - A5486A
This card purchase is subject to U.S. munitions laws. The card is is
available for shipment in the U.S. and Canada. Application for restricted
worldwide shipment pending with the U.S. government.
The card is a Rainbow Swift, manufactured by Rainbow Technologies
(<http://www.rainbow.com/cryptoswift/>), aka IVEA, which also has a
UK subsidiary.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.1.11 How can I protect my system from viruses?
Added: 09/20/01
There are several antivirus products available:
o Sophos Anti-Virus for Unix
Info: <http://www.sophos.com/products/software/antivirus/savunix.html>
Download Eval: <http://www.sophos.com/downloads/products/unix_505.html>
o InterScan VirusWall
Info:
<http://www.trendmicro.com/en/products/gateway/isvw/evaluate/overview.htm>
Download 30-day Trial:
<http://www.trendmicro.com/download/product.asp?productid=13>
o McAfee VirusScan
+ Info:
<http://www.mcafeeb2b.com/products/virusscan/default-desktop-protection.asp>
+ Download Eval:
<http://www.nai.com/naicommon/buy-try/try/products-evals.asp>
o CyberSoft VFind Security Toolkit
Info: <http://www.cyber.com/products/vfind/>
------------------------------
Subject: 5.1.12 What information is available on configuring HP-UX for
maximum security?
Updated: 07/17/03
Kevin Steves has written a couple excellent whitepapers on building
HP-UX bastion hosts:
An 11.x version of the paper is available in both HTML and PDF formats:
o
<http://www.itrc.hp.com/service/cki/docDisplay.do?docLocale=en_US&docId=2000
00066258828>
(ITRC login required)
o
<http://secinf.net/unix_security/Building_a_Bastion_Host_Using_HPUX_11.html>
o
<http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/operating/infolibrary/whitepapers/building
_a_bastion_host.pdf>
There is also a 10.x version of the paper. However, it doesn't seem to be
available on the Web anymore.
There is also a paper from HP titled "Network Security Features of HP-UX
11i":
o http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/2238/netsecur_final.pdf
------------------------------
Subject: 5.1.13 Does HP-UX support /etc/shadow like Solaris and Linux?
Added: 01/22/03
The shadow functionality is available as of 11i v1.6 (11.22). For more
information, see:
o
<http://www.docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/5187-0701/00/00/82-con.html#shadowpa
sswords>
------------------------------
Subject: 5.2 Backup and Recovery
------------------------------
Subject: 5.2.1 Can I put more than one backup on DDS with fbackup?
No. fbackup always rewinds the tape. Possible alternatives:
(1) Stick with dump/cpio/tar/pax.
(2) Use a pipe: instead of telling fbackup where the DAT is,
let it send its output to stdout (-f -) and pipe it to the DAT, using
Berkeley no-rewind device and dd with a suitable block size (e.g.,
10K). You'll lose fast-search and resync-after-error functionality,
though. Also, the complexities of managing multiple archives per
tape make this a high-risk proposition.
(3) Use NFS[R] and mount the disks of the machine without DAT to the
other and back them both up there. You'll have to mount 'em with
root permissions and restoring a completely destroyed root disk will
be messy.
(4) Scream at HP until they fix fbackup. :-)
------------------------------
Subject: 5.2.2 How can I use dump with a DDS tape?
dump was written to assume 9-track tapes, so some fudging has to be done
for DDS tapes. The following has the info you need along with several
alternatives for dump parameters.
Approximate capacity of 60m DDS tape = 1.3G bytes
Approximate DDS tape density = (1.3G bytes) / (60 m) = (550K bytes/in)
dump assumes an inter-record gap (IRG) of 0.3 in for density = 6250,
0.7 in otherwise.
dump uses a default blocking factor of 10 for density < 6250,
32 otherwise.
================
density = 550000
blocking factor = 32 (default)
assumed IRG = 0.7 in
Block length = (32K bytes/block) / (550K bytes/in) + (0.7 in) = (0.76 in)
Effective tape length =
(1.3G bytes) / (32K bytes/block) * (0.76 in/block) = (2511 ft)
================
density = 6250
blocking factor = 32 (default)
assumed IRG = 0.3 in
Block length = (32K bytes/block) / (6250 bytes/in) + (0.3 in) = (5.54 in)
Effective tape length =
(1.3G bytes) / (32K bytes/block) * (5.54 in/block) = (18325 ft)
===============
density = 1600
blocking factor = 10 (default)
assumed IRG = 0.7 in
Block length = (10K bytes/block) / (1600 bytes/in) + (0.7 in) = (7.10 in)
Effective tape length =
(1.3G bytes) / (10K bytes/block) * (7.10 in/block) = (75113 ft)
===============
density = 1600
blocking factor = 32
assumed IRG = 0.7 in
Block length = (32K bytes/block) / (1600 bytes/in) + (0.7 in) = (21.18 in)
Effective tape length =
(1.3G bytes) / (32K bytes/block) * (21.18 in/block) = (70022 ft)
------------------------------
Subject: 5.2.3 Why do cpio/tar/dump/pax all backup to tape painfully
slowly?
Added: 04/17/01
cpio/tar = VERY VERY OLD - never designed for DDS or DLT[TM]
fbackup/ftio = designed for Gb backups and modern tape drives
However, the default for fbackup is 1/2" magtapes, which almost no one
uses anymore. ALWAYS use a config file for fbackup with at least these
options:
blocksperrecord 256
records 32
checkpointfreq 1024
readerprocesses 6
maxretries 5
retrylimit 5000000
maxvoluses 200
filesperfsm 2000
Check the manpage for fbackup for other parameters, including what to do
when you run out of tape (the chgvol parameter).
You need huge block sizes for modern tapes. Try ftio (block size limited
only by hardware), pax (block sizes up to 32k), tar (which is 10k, by
design) or cpio -B which changes from 512 to 5k (but still too small).
cpio, tar, dump, pax and similar utils can NEVER backup large files and
are single processes whereas fbackup can read from 6 different files at
the same time.
Note, the large record size (blocksperrecord), checkpointfreq, and
filesperfsm also contribute to tape overhead.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.2.4 What CD burning software is available?
Updated: 02/03/03
You can use Cdrecord (aka CdrTools), a freeware application, available at:
o
<http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private
/cdrecord.html>
Additonally, Cdrecord-ProDVD can be used to burn DVDs; see:
o <ftp://ftp.berlios.de/pub/cdrecord/ProDVD/>
There are numerous X GUI frontends for CDrecord. One of the most popular
is X-CD-Roast, available at:
o <http://www.xcdroast.org/xcdr098/rpms-a8.html#hpux>
------------------------------
Subject: 5.3 Disks and Filesystems
------------------------------
Subject: 5.3.1 How can I enable long file names?
Updated: 04/02/01
HP-UX 10.00 or later creates HFS filesystems with long file names (up to
255 characters) enabled by default, and all VxFS filesystems support long
file names.
To change pre-10.0 HFS filesystems to support long filenames, run
the /etc/convertfs program (see convertfs(1M)). Note that will NOT be
able to switch back.
Here's how to check if an existing HFS filesystem has long filenames
enabled:
# tunefs -v /dev/rdsk/XXX | grep magic
magic 95014 clean FS_OK time Tue Mar 23 14:13:01 1993
\__ if = 95014 then long filenames
\__ if = 11954 then short filenames
You can also look at this on a per directory basis with the POSIX
command getconf:
$ getconf NAME_MAX directory
where 'directory' is the path to the directory.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.3.2 Is it possible to create a RAM disk?
Updated: 05/10/01
Yes, HP-UX 9.00 and later include a RAM disk driver. The driver is NOT
officially supported by HP for customer use. Comments in the header file
"/usr/conf/sio/ram.h" describe how to add RAM disk support to the kernel,
as well as how to create a RAM disk.
Here are several reasons why using RAM disks is RISKY business:
1. As stated above, RAM disks are unsupported by HP.
2. It is unclear (to me anyway) how "locking" down memory interacts with
normal memory management, including pageouts and memory pseudo-swap.
The comments in /usr/conf/sio/ram.h says say:
"Depending on the availability of memory, allocating large amounts
of memory for RAM disk volumes may cause system failures (panics
or hangs)."
3. RAM disks can waste memory space. The "usable" yield of disk space
from memory allocated may be less than 100%. (1 GB of real memory
may yield less than 1 GB on "disk space".)
4. RAM disks aren't saved over a reboot, and require special action to do
so.
5. You must write a C program to delete them from a running system.
Here are the basic steps make a 128 MB RAM disk on HP-UX 10.x/11.x:
1. Modify your kernel to include the RAM disk driver:
# cd /stand/build
# /usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system
# kmsystem -c y -S system ram
# mk_kernel -s system
# mv ../system ../system.prev
# cp ../vmunix ../vmunix.prev
# mv system ..
# mv vmunix_test ../vmunix
# cd /
# shutdown -r
Note: "ramdisc" is an alias for "ram" that is also recognized.
2. Set up the device files and mount the RAM disk filesystem:
# mknod /dev/rram1 c 9 0x008001
# mknod /dev/ram1 b 9 0x008001
# newfs -F hfs /dev/rram1
# mkdir -p /ramdisk
# mount /dev/ram1 /ramdisk
Another way
===========
There is a better, but not free, way to _simulate_ a RAM disk under HP-UX
10.20 or later...
You must first purchase and install the optional OnlineJFS product, the
advanced bundle for the VxFS file system. This enables a number of
extra mount options for VxFS filesystems.
To configure a VxFS filesystem so that most buffer cache flushes are
prevented, specify the following options when mounting the filesystem:
"tmplog,mincache=tmpcache,convosync=delay"
The first two options can be configured with sam, but the convosync
option must be edited into /etc/fstab by hand.
A description and pricing info for the OnlineJFS product is available at
<http://software.hp.com/> (just search for "onlinejfs").
A third way
===========
JTL Technical Services, LLC, sells a software product for HP-UX called
RamDisc. There are two versions - RamDisc plus and RamDisc classic. For
more information see their web site:
o <http://www.jtlltd.com/ramdsk.html>
------------------------------
Subject: 5.3.3 What happened to DUX and context dependent files (CDFs)?
Added: 03/29/01
As of HP-UX 10.01, DUX (HP Diskless Clusters) has been fully replaced by
NFS.
These DUX-specific commands do not exist on HP-UX 10.01 and later:
cnodes(1) cps(1) getcontext(1) makecdf(1M) showcdf(1)
These DUX-specific options to commands do not exist on HP-UX 10.01 and
later:
chmod -H find -hidden -type H ls -H
find -nodevcid find -devcid cname last -c
pwd -H users -c who -c
bdf -L df -L sync -l
ftio -H pax -H -m -o -p -t device tar -H
These DUX-specific library routines (including context dependent files)
are obsolete as of HP-UX 10.01:
endccent getcccid getcdf nftwh
fgetccent getccent gethcwd setccent
ftwh getccnam hidecdf
cnodeid cnodes getcontext
These additional DUX features were obsoleted in HP-UX 10.01:
o Distributed named pipes across a cluster in diskless environments.
o The DUX concept of global PIDs across a cluster. Temporary
name-space collision should be avoided by each diskless client
having private /tmp areas.
o Using /tmp as a shared depository between diskless clients, such
as an application using a lib routine to create unique tmp_file
names.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.3.4 Why can't I use all of my swap space?
Updated: 04/08/01
The default value of the kernel parameter "maxswapchunks" limits the swap
accessible by the kernel to 537 MB. If you want to configure more swap
space than that, you need to increase maxswapchunks. More information on
maxswapchunks can be found online (see section 5.5.3).
------------------------------
Subject: 5.3.5 How can I determine which disk is the boot disk?
Updated: 01/03/02
There are at least two ways to do this:
o Use "lvlnboot -v" (must be root); this command also reports additional
information on volume groups and logical volumes:
# lvlnboot -v `vgdisplay | grep "VG Name" | awk '{print $3}'`
...
/dev/dsk/c0t5d0 (8/4.5.0) -- Boot Disk
...
o Use setboot. This command also reports the alternate bootpath, as well
as whether Autoboot and Autosearch are enabled. However, it does not
print the disk device names as lvlnboot does.
$ setboot
Primary bootpath : 8/4.5.0
Alternate bootpath : 8/4.10.0
Autoboot is ON (enabled)
Autosearch is OFF (disabled)
To determine which disk the currently running kernel was booted from, use
adb as follows (must be root):
# KERNEL=/stand/vmunix # set this var to the currently running kernel
# echo 'boot_string/S' | adb $KERNEL /dev/mem | grep /
boot_string: disc(8/4.5.0;0)/stand/vmunix
On 11.x, the path of the currently running kernel can be obtained using
the kmpath command (see subject 8.2.4).
------------------------------
Subject: 5.3.6 Why does pfs_mount fail with the message 'Not Owner' when
I try to use it?
Updated: 03/28/01
This is a common problem. You (root) are probably in more than 8 groups.
Run groups(1) to check.
There are two work-arounds to the problem:
+ Apply the latest PFS patch:
o 10.20: PHCO_15453
o 11.00: PHCO_16438
+ Temporarily remove root from enough groups to bring it under the limit:
o Backup /etc/group.
o Edit /etc/group so that root is in 8 or fewer groups.
o After running pfs_mount, restore the original version of /etc/group.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.3.7 What's new with remote mounts and the automounter?
HP-UX 10.00 and later ships with an automounter running with a -hosts
option, so it's easy to just say "/net/hostname/directory/...", and the
automounter will do the rest.
If you like, you can put symbolic links in to make things easier, for
example:
/x1 -> /net/x1/x1
/usr/valid -> /net/x1/valid
While this is convenient and easy to do, using explicit automount maps
(ex: /home/username) is usually a better idea in terms of keeping things
"tight" and maintaining server/disk independance.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.3.8 Why are CDROM filenames all UPPERCASE with ;1 attached?
Updated: 11/20/02
CD-ROMs are generally formatted using a filesystem called ISO-9660
(aka ECMA-119), which is an update of an earlier specification called
High Sierra. There are very minor differences between the two, and
HP-UX supports them both. The user doesn't have to know which is
which, although nobody's actually produced a High Sierra CD-ROM in
many years.
ISO-9660 "file identifiers" consist of a filename, a dot, an
extension, a semicolon, and a version number from 1 to 32767. The
standard specifies three levels of "interchange", the strictest of
which limits filenames to 8 characters, extensions to 3 characters,
and the characters can be only upper-case letters, digits and
underscores. The reason why the letters are all uppercase is because
most CD-ROMs are encoded to the strictest interchange level.
To get rid of the semicolon and version number, and to force the
filenames to lower case, mount the file system with the "cdcase"
option (see mount_cdfs(1M)).
There is a widely used extension of ISO-9660 called "Rock Ridge" which
adds enough file system metadata to support full POSIX file system
semantics. Rock Ridge filenames are formatted similarly to ISO-9660
file identifiers -- all UPPERCASE with ;1 version numbers. Currently,
11.0 supports Rock Ridge via a patch. Other versions of HP-UX do not
support Rock Ridge, except through PFS.
Rock Ridge support has recently been provided for 11.x via patches:
o 11.00: PHKL_21586
o 11.11: (patch recalled due to defect)
The Portable FileSystem (PFS) was originally developed by Young Minds,
Inc. It was originally only available as a demo package, but it was
eventually bundled with HP-UX, starting with release 10.10. PFS supports
the following CD-ROM formats: ISO-9660, Rock Ridge, and High Sierra. As
explained above, the HP-UX mount command currently only supports ISO-9660
and High Sierra.
You must have network loopback, and networking in general, configured
before running PFS on HP-UX. The command 'netstat -rn' shows the network
routing tables; the entry 'lo0' is for the loopback interface. To enable
network loopback (if it is not already enabled), add the line:
LOOPBACK_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1
to the file /etc/rc.config.d/netconf.
PFS is RPC-based and offers the some features that NFS provides, which
means that a CD-ROM can be exported over your network without going
through NFS. However, PFS does require that the nfs.core and nfs.client
subsystems are both running. To start these, make sure NFS_CLIENT=1 in
/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf then run:
# /sbin/init.d/nfs.core start
# /sbin/init.d/nfs.client start
Note, using these init scripts to start NFS will ensure that rpcbind,
which PFS relies on, is also started.
NOTE: On 10.20 or 11.00, you must install a patch prior to running PFS, or
you might not be able to eject the CD-ROM after unmounting it. This
problem is fixed in 11i. The patches are:
o 10.20: PHCO_15453
o 11.00: PHCO_16438
All Oracle[R] installation CDROM's are RockRidge-formatted, and so must be
mounted via PFS.
To use PFS to mount a RockRidge CDROM:
1) Make sure the directory containing the PFS utilities (/usr/sbin) is
in your PATH.
2) Edit (or create) the /etc/pfs_fstab file to contain a line like this:
<device> <mount_dir> pfs-rrip xlat=rrip 0 0
Where:
<device> is the path to your CD-ROM reader (e.g. /dev/dsk/c1t2d0)
<mount_dir> is the path to an *existing* directory where the CD-ROM
will be mounted (e.g. /rr_cdrom)
3) Run the following commands:
# nohup pfs_mountd &
# nohup pfsd 4 &
Alternatively, these daemons can be started from an rc script; see
question 5.3.9.
4) Mount the drive with the command:
pfs_mount <device> | <mount_dir>
Or unmount it with:
pfs_umount <device> | <mount_dir>
Where <device> and <mount_dir> are the same as in 2).
The CD-ROM should be now readable with long and mixed-case filenames.
For HP-UX 10.01 and earlier, you can install a patch:
o 10.01 s700: PHKL_23512
o 10.01 s800: PHKL_23513
o 10.00 s700: PHKL_6076
o 10.00 s800: PHKL_6077
These add a modification to the CDFS code which can translate all mounted
CDROMs (not selectively) to accomplish the same task. This patch adds no
additional filesystem support, such as POSIX or the RockRidge Extensions.
On 10.20 and later systems, for ISO-9660 CDs that contain all-uppercase
8.3 filenames (ie - MS-Windows CDs), it is not necessary to use PFS.
Instead use the mount command's "-o cdcase" option. See mount_cdfs(1M)
for more information.
HP-UX cannot read Joliet, video, or audio discs without the use of
3rd-party software.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.3.9 How can I start the PFS daemons automatically at system
startup?
Updated: 11/20/01
Create a pfs rc script, and associated config file, as follows:
===== CUT FROM HERE - PASTE TO /sbin/init.d/pfs =====
#!/usr/bin/sh
#
# pfs startup: Startup and kill script for the PFS file server
#
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
export PATH
if [ -r /etc/rc.config.d/pfs ] ; then
. /etc/rc.config.d/pfs
fi
# return pid of the named process(es)
findproc() {
pid=`ps -e |grep "$1" |sed -e 's/^ *//' -e 's/ .*//'`
echo $pid
}
stat_pfs_fc()
{
PFSD=`ps -ef|grep pfsd|grep -v grep|head -1|awk '{print $2}'`
PFSM=`ps -ef|grep pfs_mount|grep -v grep|head -1|awk '{print $2}'`
}
kill_pfsd_fc()
{
for PID in `ps -ef | grep pfsd | awk '{print $2}'` ; do
if [ -n $PID ] ; then
kill $PID 1>>/dev/null 2>>/dev/null
fi
done
}
kill_pfsmount_fc()
{
for PID in `ps -ef | grep pfs_mount | awk '{print $2}'` ; do
if [ -n $PID ] ; then
kill $PID 1>>/dev/null 2>>/dev/null
fi
done
}
case "$1" in
"start_msg")
echo "Starting PFS Daemons"
;;
"start")
if [ "$RUN_PFS_SERVER" -ne 0 ] ; then
stat_pfs_fc
if [ "${PFSD}x" = "x" ] ; then
echo "starting pfs_mountd"
/usr/sbin/pfs_mountd -D$PFS_DAEMONS &
else
echo "pfsd is already running with PID $PFSD"
echo "please stop and restart if necessary"
fi
if [ "${PFSM}x" = "x" ] ; then
echo "starting pfsd"
/usr/sbin/pfsd $PFS_DAEMONS &
else
echo "pfs_mount is already running with PID $PFSM"
echo "please stop and restart if necessary"
fi
exit 0
fi
exit 2
;;
"stop_msg")
echo "Terminating PFS Daemons "
;;
"stop")
kill_pfsd_fc
kill_pfsmount_fc
kill_pfsd_fc
kill_pfsmount_fc
;;
stat*)
stat_pfs_fc
if [ "${PFSD}x" = "x" ] ; then
echo "pfsd is not running"
else
echo "pfsd is running"
fi
if [ "${PFSM}x" = "x" ] ; then
echo "pfs_mount is not running"
else
echo "pfs_mountd is running"
fi
;;
*)
echo "Bad or missing arguments..."
echo
echo "Usage: $0 stop|start|start_msg|stop_msg|status"
;;
esac
exit 0
===== END CUT =====
# chmod 555 /sbin/init.d/pfs
# chown bin:bin /sbin/init.d/pfs
# ln -s /sbin/init.d/pfs /sbin/rc2.d/S901pfs
# ln -s /sbin/init.d/pfs /sbin/rc1.d/K099pfs
===== CUT FROM HERE, PASTE TO /etc/rc.config.d/pfs =====
#
# pfs configuration: set to a non-zero value to
# initiate pfsd and pfs_mountd at run_level 2
#
# Installed at /etc/rc.config.d/pfs
#
RUN_PFS_SERVER=1
# Set the number of PFS daemons to run
PFS_DAEMONS=4
===== END CUT =====
# chmod 444 /etc/rc.config.d/pfs
# chown bin:bin /etc/rc.config.d/pfs
------------------------------
Subject: 5.3.10 Where can I get updated disktab entries for third-party
disks?
Updated: 04/20/01
Disktabs are obsolete for HP-UX 10.00 and later. For HP-UX 9.x and
earlier, see:
o <http://hpwww.epfl.ch/HPUX/tools/disktab.html>
Installing patches PHCO_5236, PHCO_6819, PHCO_7253, and PHCO_7461 will
give you the latest and greatest HP-provided disktab entries for 9.x.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.3.11 How can I determine whether a disk is bootable?
Added: 08/29/01
To display the different bootstrings for a disk:
# lifls <rawdevice>
For example:
# lifls /dev/rdsk/c0t6d0
A bootable disk reports something like:
ISL AUTO HPUX PAD LABEL
While a non bootable disk reports:
lifls: Can't list /dev/rdsk/c0t6d0; not a LIF volume
To show the content of the bootentries:
# lifcp <blockdevice>:<STRING> -
For example:
# lifcp /dev/dsk/c0t6d0:AUTO -
hpux
For further information on LIF, refer to lif(4).
------------------------------
Subject: 5.3.12 How do I defragment my filesystems?
Added: 05/02/02
VxFS filesystems can be defragmented using the fsadm command. However,
the online reorganization and online resize features of fsadm are
enabled only with the HP OnLineJFS optional product.
Here are the relevant options:
-D Report on directory fragmentation. If specified in
conjunction with the -d option, the fragmentation
report is produced both before and after the
directory reorganization.
-d Reorganize directories. Directory entries are
reordered to place subdirectory entries first, then
all other entries in decreasing order of time of last
access. The directory is also compacted to remove
free space.
-E Report on extent fragmentation. If specified in
conjunction with the -e option, the fragmentation
report is produced both before and after the extent
reorganization.
-e Reorganize extents. Minimize file system
fragmentation. Files are reorganized to have the
minimum number of extents.
An example:
# fsadm -dDeE /var
See fsadm_vxfs(1M) for further details.
No commands are available for defragmenting HFS filesystems.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.4 Display
------------------------------
Subject: 5.4.1 How do I define a new terminal type?
Added: 04/26/01
In HP-UX 10.0 and later, the terminfo database
(/usr/share/lib/terminfo/?/*) is designed to take the place of the
termcap database (/usr/share/lib/termcap). However, because of the many
programs that have been written with and for the termcap database, the
termcap database is still included with HP-UX. All additions and
modifications to either of these databases should be done with extreme
caution. These files are critical to the proper operation of your
terminal.
NOTE: The terminfo database contains printer definitions, in addition to
terminal definitions.
To convert one or more termcap entries to terminfo source format, use the
captoinfo(1M) command:
$ captoinfo termcap_entry.txt >terminfo_entry.txt
To compile a terminfo source file, and add the compiled entry to the
terminfo database, use the tic(1M) command:
# tic terminfo_entry.txt
If you must have both termcap and terminfo terminal descriptions, keep the
terminfo description only, and use infocmp -C to get the termcap
descriptions. This is recommended because the terminfo entry will be more
complete, descriptive, and accurate than the termcap entry possibly could
be.
If you have been using cursor optimization programs with the -ltermcap or
-ltermlib option in the cc command-line, those programs will still be
functional. However, these options should be replaced with the -lcurses
option.
Richard S. Shuford maintains an archive of video terminal information.
The archive is a collection of information concerning character-cell
video-display terminals, serial-line remote-graphics terminals, and
software that emulates them. The URL is:
o <http://www.cs.utk.edu/~shuford/terminal_index.html>
------------------------------
Subject: 5.4.2 How can I change the video mode on my workstation?
Added: 06/17/02
Use the following command:
# /opt/graphics/common/bin/setmon
setmon is a program that allows you to change video formats. When you
run setmon, it will print a table of available formats. The first
number on each line is an index. Enter the index number for the entry
you want to use and setmon will change the card to match. The change
can be either temporary (until next boot) or permanent. Similar
functionality is available in sam. The -h option gives limited help.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.5 Kernel Configuration
------------------------------
Subject: 5.5.1 How can I tell if I have a 32-bit or 64-bit kernel?
Added: 04/19/01
First off, in all versions of HP-UX prior to 11.00, the kernel is always
32-bit. That being said, on 11.x systems, there are several ways to
determine whether you're running a 32 or 64 bit kernel...
>From the command-line
=====================
$ getconf KERNEL_BITS
or:
$ file /stand/vmunix
/stand/vmunix: PA-RISC1.1 executable ---> 32-bit
/stand/vmunix: ELF-64 executable object file ---> 64-bit
>From SAM
========
1) goto Performance Monitors -> System Properties -> Operating System
2) check OS Kernel Width: value
------------------------------
Subject: 5.5.2 How do I determine if a system supports a 32 and/or a
64-bit kernel?
Added: 09/13/01
>From the command-line
=====================
$ getconf HW_CPU_SUPP_BITS
32 ---> system supports only 32-bit
32/64 ---> system supports both 32 and 64-bit
64 ---> system supports only 64-bit
>From SAM
========
1) goto Performance Monitors -> System Properties -> Processor
2) check Kernel Width Support: value
The following summarizes the 11.00 implementations supported on HP9000
Servers:
32-bit only
===========
* A-Class: A180/180C
* D-Class: D200/x10 (only w/ XSW 9806+)
Dx20/x30/x50/x60
* E-Class: all
* F/G/H/I-Class: all
* K-Class: K100/200/x10/x20
* T-Class: T500/520
32/64-bit
=========
* D-Class: Dx70/x80/D390
(Dx70/Dx80 supports 64-bit only w/ Firmware rev. 38.30+)
(D390 supports 64-bit only w/ Firmware rev. 38.31+)
(Dx70/x80/D390 require XSW 9808+ to run 64-bit)
and provide NO support for any EISA cards!)
* K-Class: Kx50/x60/x60EG/460XP/x70/x80
* R-Class: all
* T-Class: T600
* Enterprise Parallel Servers: all
64-bit Only
===========
* A-Class: A400/500
* L-Class: all
* N-Class: all
* V-Class: all
The following summarizes the 11.00 implementations supported on HP9000
Workstations:
32-bit Only
===========
* B-class: B132L/160L
* C-class: C100/110/160/160L/180/180-XP/200/240/360/3000/3600
* J-Class: J200/210/210XC
* 700-Series: 712, 715/64, 715/80, 715/100, 715/100XC, 725/100, 743,
744
32/64-bit
=========
* B-Class: B132L+/180L/1000 (only w/ XSW 9808+)
* C-Class: C200/240/160/180/180XP (only w/ XSW 9808+)
* J-Class: J280/282/2240 (only w/ XSW 9808+)
------------------------------
Subject: 5.5.3 Where can I find detailed documentation of the various
kernel parameters?
Added: 01/22/03
The following URLs provide documentation for kernel parameters on 11.00
and 11i:
o 11.00:
<http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/939/KCParms/KCparams.OverviewAll.html>
o 11i: <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/TKP-90202/TKP-90202.html>
Additionally, in 11.22 and later, each kernel parameter has its own
manpage in section 5. These generally contain greater detail than the
above URLs and much of it is also applicable to 11.00, 11.11, and/or
11.20. These manpages can be viewed online at:
o <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B3921-90010/00/20/2040-con.html>
------------------------------
Subject: 5.6 Monitors, Diagnostics, and Performance
------------------------------
Subject: 5.6.1 How can I look at what my system is doing?
Updated: 04/08/01
The best tool for monitoring your system is HP GlancePlus. In the U.S.
call 800.237.3990 for a trial version. Outside the U.S. contact your HP
sales representative. HP sells other performance tools as well including
HP Performance Collection Software, HP PerfRX (for long-term performance
analysis of a single system), and HP PerfView which runs under OpenView
(for simultaneous monitoring of a network of systems including HP-UX,
Solaris[TM], and AIX[R].
A couple cheaper, but less robust, options are the sar(1M) and top(1)
commands.
On 9.x systems, you can use /usr/contrib/bin/monitor.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.6.2 What happened to the sysdiag command?
Updated: 03/27/01
For HP-UX 10.01 and later, the HP-UX Online Diagnostic System, of which
sysdiag(1M) was a part, has been replaced with the HP-UX Support Tools
package (HP Part No. B6191AAE). sysdiag's replacement is called Support
Tools Manager (STM). See stm(1M).
The Support Tools come preinstalled on HP9000 systems purchased on or
after May 1999. Note, the SD bundle name for Support Tools is
'OnlineDiag'. For older systems, the latest release of Support Tools can
be downloaded, free of charge, from the "network & system administration"
section of <http://software.hp.com/>. For Support Tools documentation, see
<http://docs.hp.com/hpux/diag/>.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.6.3 How can I improve overall system performance?
Updated: 05/03/02
There are, of course, many answers to this question. Many people have
noticed that HP's conservative choices in some configuration areas affect
performance, especially as compared to Solaris. A couple examples:
o 'fs_async' kernel parameter
HP-UX by default makes all file systems I/O synchronous. Sun[R],
by contrast, defaults to asynchronous I/O and depends on the syncer.
Changing this parameter's value from 0 to 1 can significantly
increase write speeds, BUT at the risk of losing data in a system
crash. You can change this parameter using SAM.
o 'async' NFS option
Similar to local writes, NFS writes to a filesystem exported from an
HP-UX system are synchronous by default. Add the async option to
your /etc/exports if you want to change that, but be sure to
carefully read the exports(4) manpage first.
An abundance of performance tuning tips are provided by HP in the following
tuning guides:
o HP-UX Workstation System Tuning and Performance Guide, 08/31/00:
<http://www.hp-partners.com/tcl_public/html/technical_support/tuning.html>
o HP-UX Kernel Tuning and Performance Guide v3.1, 03/15/00:
<http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/os/11.0/tuningwp.html>
------------------------------
Subject: 5.7 Networking and Communications
------------------------------
Subject: 5.7.1 How can I change the order of hostname resolution?
Updated: 03/22/01
Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf. See nsswitch.conf(4).
------------------------------
Subject: 5.7.2 How can I track network packets?
TRACING - Trace all packets seen by the device driver on the HP nodes,
except diskless packets. Trace packets sent by the node, or
addressed to the node.
Network tracing can be done with nettl(1M). nettl can only be used by the
superuser, so su to root before proceeding.
1. Start Trace - put data into 1MB trace file. The data
will be stored in /tmp/raw.TRC0 and /tmp/raw.TRC1
The most recent data will always be in TRC0, when
it fills up, TRC0 is renamed TRC1, and new logging
continues in the TRC0 file. They fill up quickly!
nettl -tn all -e ns_ls_ip -size 1024 -tracemax 99999 -f /tmp/raw
This will trace packets in, packets out, and loopback packets at the
IP
Layer (ns_ls_ip). If you need link-specific packet tracing you must
specify the appropriate network driver or "-e all".
2. Stop trace as soon as an event occurs!
nettl -tf -e all
3. Format trace into a print file:
netfmt -N -n -l -f /tmp/raw.TRC0 [ -c /tmp/filter ] > /tmp/fmt0
netfmt -N -n -l -f /tmp/raw.TRC1 [ -c /tmp/filter ] > /tmp/fmt1
-N - print in "nice" format (e.g. interpret)
-n - print IP addresses, not hostnames
-l - do not highlight fields (for hpterm)
-f - input file (nettl-generated trace data)
-c - optional, use a filter file (see "filtering", below)
NOTE: netfmt takes a while to run! There will be plenty of info in
the trace file - interpretation may be necessary!
3a. Filtering. Create a filter file to tell netfmt what packets you
are interested in seeing.
E.g. only display packets to/from IP address 192.10.11.1:
filter ip_saddr 192.10.11.1
filter ip_daddr 192.10.11.1
Filter out all put NFS packets (to/from UDP port 2049)
filter udp_sport 2049
filter udp_dport 2049
Filter out all but TCP packets to/from port 25 (sendmail):
filter tcp_sport 25
filter tcp_dport 25
Filter on ethernet addresses:
filter dest 08-00-09-49-91-4a
filter source 08-00-09-49-91-4a
You can put these together (e.g. filter all NFS packets to/from IP
addr):
filter ip_saddr 192.10.11.1
filter ip_daddr 192.10.11.1
filter udp_sport 2049
filter udp_dport 2049
3b. To create timestamped 1-liner trace analysis file of all packets in
capture file:
# netfmt -N -n -l -1 -T -f /tmp/raw.TRC0 >/tmp/fmt0-1
...take note, that there is a -l (ell) and a -1 (number one)
specified!
To create a timestamped 1-liner trace analysis file using a packet
filter, first see information in Step #3a on creating a filter file,
then:
# netfmt -N -n -l -1 -T -c /tmp/filterfile -f /tmp/raw.TRC0 \
>/tmp/fmt0-1f
...take note, that there is a -l (ell) and a -1 (number one)
specified!
HP-UX 10.20 and 11.X can use tcpdump/libpcap as found at
<ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/> To select the interface to trace, one uses the -i
option and gives the interface name as "/dev/dlpiN" where N is the PPA
of the device. One uses lanscan to find PPAs. On 10.20, the PPA happens
to be the same as the Network Management ID (NMID) and is not the same
as the N in "lanN." On 11.X, the PPA happens to be the same as the Card
Instance number and happens to be the same as the N in "lanN." The
/dev/dlpiN specified to tcpdump/libpcap is not the same as the device
file /dev/dlpiM. What actually happens is tcpdump/libcap opens /dev/dlpi
and bind to PPA N. The /dev/dlpiM device files are for other uses.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.7.3 How to get the MAC address for a particular network
interface?
Added: 04/09/01
>From the command-line
=====================
Run lanscan(1M).
The output will look similar to this:
Hardware Station Crd Hdw Net-Interface NM MAC HP-DLPI DLPI
Path Address In# State NamePPA ID Type Support Mjr#
0/0/0/0 0x00306E06C47D 0 UP lan0 snap0 1 ETHER Yes 119
0/2/0/0 0x001083FB9956 1 UP lan1 snap1 2 ETHER Yes 119
The output will have one entry for each LAN card in the computer. The
second field ("Station Address") is the MAC address.
To get the MAC addresses of another machine on the LAN, try the following:
$ ping {hostname} -n 1
$ arp -a | grep {hostname}
where {hostname} is the hostname or IP address of the remote machine.
Programmatically
================
The old (9.x) way to do this was by using the LLA (Link Level Access) API,
which is obsolete in 10.x/11.x. The new way to do it is by using the DLPI
(Data Link Provider Interface) API, LLA's replacement. For information
on migrating your code from LLA to DLPI, refer to chapter one of the LLA
Programming and Migration Guide (HP Part No. 98194-90053) at
<http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/98194-90053/00/00/1-con.html>.
You might want to check for a "logical" MAC address, rather than the
physical, if the software is going to be used in a switchover environment.
For more information on DLPI programming, refer to the DLPI Programmer's
Guide (HP Part No. B2355-90139), available online at
<http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90139/B2355-90139.html>.
Side Note
=========
To figure out what vendor made your Ethernet card based on the MAC
address, check out <http://www.cavebear.com/CaveBear/Ethernet/vendor.html>.
------------------------------
Subject: 5.7.4 Is there a Transport Level Interface (TLI) interface to
TCP on HP-UX?
In HP-UX 10.00-10.20, a special module exists which provides XTI access
over the BSD stack - TLI is not supported. TLI, for the most part after
SVID 3 volume 5, has stopped evolving and is being replaced by XTI in
most implementations. XTI is standardized by X/Open and the current
versions from most vendors should be XPG4 compliant with some being
branded as the branding test suites are made available by X/Open.
Note the reason one needs a streams-based TCP is that both TLI and XTI
rely upon a streams-based module, timod, to provide specific functionality
within the kernel and this module needs to be pushed upon the transport
stack. Since HP-UX uses a BSD transport which is not streams-based and
is therefore incapable of having a streams-based module pushed upon it,
one can not run TLI/XTI directly upon it, and, hence, a special streams
module was created to provide this functionality for HP-UX 10.0.
As of HP-UX 10.30, the BSD-based transport is replced by a Streams-based
one. XTI no longer requires a special streams module. In the past, where
one would open /dev/inet_cots to get TCP, one can open /dev/tc